胰岛素给药途径研究进展外文翻译(编辑修改稿)

胰岛素给药途径研究进展外文翻译(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

e fastest, followed by upper arms, thighs, buttocks. INS also absorbed dose levels and physical activity, the greater the dose, the higher the concentration, slower absorption and absorption rate of movement will increase. Abdominal area, there are advantages of subcutaneous injection, usually the abdomen of adulttype arrangement for rotation or subcutaneous injection, as two distance 2 cm, can be injected with 180 points [2], 3 times per day calculated for continuous injection 2 months later to the cycle. infusion Mainly applied to diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic a, severe trauma, infection, surgical treatment of perioperative who use intravenous infusion of small doses of available INS. INS pump INS pump treatment of diabetes, can effectively simulate the conti nuing based on INS secretion and meal pulsed release, the INS infusion into the patient39。 s body to maintain blood levels of INS, shorten time to control high blood sugar and reduce the occurrence of low blood sugar, reduce Patients suffering multiple subcutaneous INS, INS pump is the best means of intensive therapy. intramuscular INS intramuscular absorption of fast, poor absorption by subcutaneous injection for, INS has a large amount of blood sugar can not control those who unconditionally infusion mild ketoacidosis INS patients. 2 INS administration of noninjecting means Local Administration For diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers or pressure sores [3] patients in the affected area when dealing with the INS bined with metronidazole, such as Fuyu anisodamine wounds, dressings opened the next day, showing significantly reduced secretion of shallow the site of rupture of small wounds, or 4 d 3 d scab healing。 deep muscle can gradually see the wound granulation, after 12 weeks of dressing, the wound healing scab. inhalation Relative to the absorption of peptide drugs, the lungs have more advantages, such as large alveolar surface area (50 m2 ~ 140 m2), very thin alveolar membrane, rich capillary work, and not the first highpermeability pass effect, narrow blood path, low activity, deep slow lung clearance rate, etc., these good physical environment for the absorption of peptide provided favorable conditions [4].In recent years, progressive pulmonary route of administration attention. INS inhalation require special technologies and facilities, mon technologies that are Techno sphere and AIR [5]. Most clinical trials show that in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, the inhaled and subcutaneous INS INS pared with the same safety and effectiveness, and more receptive to the patient [68]. INS agents present pelling pulmonary delivery, which people with diabetes will be a great blessing. Oral administration Route of administration of oral administration is the most convenient of all kind, patient pliance is best. However, INS, as a protein, the absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is difficult to overe the acid catalyzed deposition, protein degradation, and poor mucosal barrier peration, with the disadvantage o f low bioavailability, thereby improving the bioavailability of the drug is a pharmaceutical scientist Research has been the problem. Intraperitoneal administration Intraperitoneal administration is foreigndeveloped a device called a subcutaneous peritoneal entry device, it would be on the transplant at the。