庄浪县苹果无病毒良种苗木繁育初设报告(编辑修改稿)

庄浪县苹果无病毒良种苗木繁育初设报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

s, as i f in defence. I guessed that there was probabl y a m ajor m isunderstanding. Then Aki ra N agata from Japan came i n smi li ng, together wi th Gee Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, Gee reached hi s hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that m om ent, however, Akira bowed so hi s nose touched Gee’s movi ng hand. They both apol ogi zed another cul tural mi stake! Ahm ed Aziz, another i nternati onal student, was from Jordan. When we m et yesterday, he m oved very cl ose to me as I i ntroduced mysel f. I moved back a bi t, but he came closer to ask a questi on and then shook m y hand. When Darlene Coulon from France cam e dashi ng through the door, she recognized Tony Garci a39。 s smi li ng face. They shok hand and then kissed each other twi ce on each cheek, si nce that i s the France custom when adul ts meet peopl e they know. Ahm ed Azi z, on the contrary, sim pl y nodded at the gi rl s. Men from Mi dle Eastern and other Musl im countries wil often stand qui te cl ose to other m en to tal k but wil l usual ly not touch women. As I get to know m ore i nternati onal fri ends, I l earn more about thi s cul tural “body language”. Not al cul tures greet each other the same way, nor are they fortabl e in the sam e way with touchi ng or di stance between peopl e. In the sam e way that peopl e m unicate wi th spoken l anguage, they also expres thei r feeli ngs usi ng unspoken “l anguage” through physi cal distance, acti ons or posture. Engl ish people, for example, do not usual y stand very cl ose to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. H owever, people from pl aces li ke Spain, Italy or South Ameri can countri es approach others cl osel y and are m ore li kel y to touch them. Most peopl e around the worl d now greet each other by shaki ng hands, but som e cul tures use other greeti ngs as wel , such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow. These actions are not good or bad, but are sim pl y ways i n whi ch cultures have devel oped. I have seen, however, that cul tural custom s for body l anguage are very general not al m embers of a cul ture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying internati onal custom s can certainly help avoi d diffi cul ti es i n today’s world cultural crosroads! Showing our feel ings Body l anguage is one of the most powerful s of m uni cati on, often even more powerful than spoken l anguage. Peopl e around the worl d show al l knds of feli ngs, wi shes and atti tudes that they mi ght never speak al oud. It i s possi ble to “read” others around us, even if they do not i ntend for us to catch their unspoken m uni cati on. Of course, body l anguage can be mi sread, but m any gestures and acti ons are uni versal. The m ost uni versal faci al expresion i s, of course, the sm il e – it’s functi on i s to show hapines and to peopl e at ease. It does not al ways means that we are truly happy, however. Smi les around the worl d can be fal se, hi di ng other feeli ngs l ike anger, fear or wory. There are unhappy smil es, such as when someone “l oses face” and smil es to hi de i t. However, the general purpose of smi li ng i s to show god feeli ngs. From the tim e we are babi e, we show unhapines or anger by frowni ng. In m ost places around the worl d, frowni ng and turni ng one’s back to som eone show anger. Making a fist and shaki ng i t al om ost m eans that som eone is angry and threateni ng another person. There are many ways around the worl d to show agreem ent, but nodding the head up and down s for agreem ent al most worldwide. Most people also understand that shaki ng the head from si de to si de m eans di sagrem ent or refusal. How about showi ng that I am bored? Looki ng away from peopl e or yawni ng wi l, i n m ost cases, make m e appear to be uni nterested. H owever, i f I turn toward and look at som eone or somethi ng, people from alm ost every cul ture wil thi nk that I am i nterested. If I rol m y eyes and turn my head away, I most l ikel y do not beli eve what I am heari ng or do not li ke i t. Bei ng respectful to peopl e is subjective, besed on each culture, but i n general it i s probabl y not a good i dea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In alm ost every cul ture, i t i s not usual y good to stand to close to som eone of a higher rank. Standi ng at a l ittl e distance wi th open hands wil show that I am wil li ng to li sten. Wi th so m any cul tural differences between peopl e, i t is great to have some simi lari ti es i n body l anguage. We can ofen be wrong about each other, so it i s an am azi ng thi ng that we understand each others as wel as we do! TH E O PEN H AN DA UN ICERSAL SIGN When m eeting peopl e at the ai rport, m ost peopl e smil e and shake hands wi th peopl e they m et. We know that sm il e is usual y a si gn that peopl e feel fri endly and happy, but what i f we don’t know who the new person i s? What i f we are not i ntroduced by a friend? What i f we are meeti ng a stranger i n a unfam il ar pl ace? Som etimes people are dangerous and humans have to fi nd ways to protect themsel ves. We have to m ake sure we can trust peopl e we don’t know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous. Showi ng our hands m eans that we are not arm ed. In m any cul tures today, the Western custom of shaki ng hands i s used. We use our ri ght hand, which i s usual y strong than the l eft one. If we are usi ng our hand this way, i n cannot be hol ding a kni fe or a gun. It shows that we trust the other person, and that the other person can trust us. N ot al cultures use the handshake, and peopl e i n m any Asi an cul tures do not al ways touch another person. The tradi ti onal greeti ng i n Chi na was to cover the l eft hand wi th the ri ght and bow. Japanese peopl e mi ght cover one hand wi th other and, dependi ng on whom they are greeti ng, bow sl ightl y or quite low. In Indi a ,H indu peopl e joi n their hands i n front of the。