玉米花色苷含量相关性状和铁(fe)、锌(zn)含量相关性状的qtl初步定位及玉米籽粒花色苷含量两个主效qtlac6和ac10的精_细定位和上位性研究毕业论文(编辑修改稿)内容摘要:
米染色体上。 MuS 中, 8 个染色体区段存在环境顿感 QTL(即在该区域中存在的 QTL在不同环境中均能被检测到),位于第 10 染色体上; MoS 中, 10 个染色体区段存在环境顿感 QTL,位于第 10 染色体上。 两个群体共检测到 5 个花色苷含量“一致性 QTL”,位于 , , , 和。 控制不同性状的 QTL 有成簇分布的现象,主要表现在第 6 和第 10 染色体, 和 区域内几乎包含控制所有花色苷 含量相关性状的 QTL,且大多数 QTL 对表型的贡献率大于 10%,因此认为这两个染色体区段存在控制花色苷含量相关性状的主效基因。 玉米籽粒和穗轴中 Fe、 Zn 含量的 QTL 定位 摘要 III 共检测到 32 个与籽粒和穗轴中 Fe、 Zn 含量相关的 QTL,重庆和云南两个环境中分别检测到 17 个和 15 个。 在 MuS 和 MoS 中分别发现 3 个和 4 个染色体区域存在环境钝感 QTL,位于第 10 染色体上。 两个群体检测到的 QTL 在标准图谱( IBM2 20xx Neighbors Frame6)上进行整合,结果表明位于第 9 三条染色体上的 QTL 在两个群体中均能检测到,而且位置和效应高度一致。 位于这三条染色体上的控制不同性状的 QTL 有成簇分布的现象,主要表现在第 2 染色体上检测到的 QTL 同时与 ZnK, ZnC, FeK 和 FeC 有关,第 9 染色体上检测到的 QTL 同时与 Znk, FeK 和 FeC 有关,第 7 染色体上检测到的 QTL 同时与 ZnK 和 ZnC 有关,成簇分布的 QTL 可能是紧密连锁也可能是一因多效的同一 QTL,从遗传学的层面解释了不同性状间表型的相关性。 玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量主效基因 AC6 的 精细定位 及候选基因预测 在 MuSBC4F2 和 MoSBC4F2 中,分别用 6 对和 7 对多态性 SSR 标记构建了目标 QTL区段的遗传连锁图谱,结合籽粒中的花色苷含量,对第 6 染色体上控制玉米籽粒花色苷含量的主效 QTL(命名为 AC6)进行了验证,两个群体中分别将其进一步定位到了标记区间umc1857umc1014 和 umc1979umc1014。 在该区段内自行设计 SSR 标记,将 AC6 精细定位在了 SSR 标记 S8 和 umc1014 之间,这两个标记位于 区的 ctg280 上,两者之间物理距离518Kb。 该区间的相应位置存在一个 ( PL transcription factor)血红素加氧酶基因,参与玉米色素调节。 为了确定 是否是候选基因,设计了 1 对引物对 BC4F2 世代中目的性状对应的极端株系 (目标表型与 SDM 最一致的株系视为目标性状的“突变体” ( SDMm) ,与 木 6 或 Mo17 性状一致的视为“野生型” ( SDMw) ) 的 基因进行扩增、测序。 测序结果发现,该基因的碱基序列未发生任何变化。 推测该突变性状可能是由其它基因发生突变或者是由该基因启动子序列发生突变造成。 玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量主效基因 AC10 的验证和进一步准确定位 在 MuSBC4F2 群体中,加大标记密度,构建了包含 7 对 SSR 标记的目标区段遗传连锁图谱,结合基因型和表型,对第 10 染色体上的另一个与玉米籽粒中花色苷含量相关的主效 QTL(命名为 AC10)进行了进一步定位。 叶脉颜色检测到了两个 QTL 位点,分别位于标记区间IDP7852IIDP8526 和 S44bnlg1028 内,叶耳颜色检测到了一个 QTL,位于区间 S44bnlg1028内。 籽粒花色苷含量没有检测到 QTL,可见第 10 染色体上的基因不能单独控制玉米籽粒花色苷的含量。 目的基因所在染色体区段内,很难找到亲本多态性标记。 因此 ,要想在此基础上对 AC10 开展进一步的精细定位,找到足够的多态性标记是关键。 西南大学博士学位论文 IV AC6 和 AC10 的上位性互作研究 通过对 BC4F2 双片段聚合系基因型和表型的分析,以及对两个基因加性、显性和上位性的估算结果,表明 AC6 和 AC10 单座位 QTL 的加性效应和显性效应都较小, AC6 单座位的加性效应和显性效应相对较大。 AC10 单独存在时对增大玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量没有显著作用。 当 AC6 和 AC10 同时存在时,两个基因会发生互作,使得玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量大大提高。 关键词: 玉米 ; 花色苷含量 ; 铁( Fe)含量;锌( Zn)含量; QTL 初步定位; QTL 精细定位;上位性分析 Abstract V QTL analysis of anthocyaninrelated traits and Fe and Zn concentrationassociated traitsand fine mapping and analyzing epistatic gene effects of two genes AC6 and AC10 that controls anthocyanin content in maize(zea mays L)kernel . Candidate:HongniQin Supervisor: Prof. YilinCai Abstract Maize(zea mays L) is an important kind of grain crop which covers the biggest area in China with widest distribution in the world. With living standars improvement and diet adjustments, pople have more and more demands on nutrient quality of maize. The functional quality of maize plays a significant rule to prevent diseases and promote the health of human body. Black (purple) maize is a good source of anthocyanins and microelements, which could be regarded as an excellent material for geic and metabolic research of anthocyanin, iron and zinc. Exploration of intrinsic geic law on molecular level for biosynthesis of anthocyanin and homeostasis of microelement could provide references and useful guidance for black maize future applications in medicine, cosmetics and other fields. A newly blackmaize inbred line SDM (Super Dark Maize) bred by Maize Research Institute of Southwest Univercity was used as a mon male parent to cross with Mu6 (white kernel) and Mo17 (yellow kernel) respectively. Four datasets from two F2:3 populations (MuSF2:3 and MoSF2:3) and two environments (Chongqing and Yunnan) were used to analyze the QTLs for 15 anthocyaninrelated traits and 4 Fe and Zn conventrationsssociated mapping and analyzing epistatic gene effects of two genens AC6 and AC10 that controls anthocyanin content in maize kernel was conducted based on the preliminary QTL mapping. We expect providing basis and useful guidance for further study of biosynthesis of anthocyanin and homeostasis of microelement. The main results were as follows: 1. Phenotype performance of anthocyaninrelated traits for F2:3 families and 西南大学博士学位论文 VI their parents The colors of kernel, cob, auricle, leaf vein, leaf sheath, anther and anthercape of male parent SDM were all daker (dark purple) than female parents Mu6 and Mo17, and the anthocyanin, melanin, total phenolic contents of SDM kernel and cob were also statistically higher than Mu6 and Mo17. There were no significant difference in flavonoid content between SDM and Mu6/Mo17. All traits of F2:3 families continuously segregated but not normally distributed with higer kurtosis and skewness, which indicated that all traits were quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlled by bination with multiplegene and maior gene. The heritabilities of all traits were more than . In both F2:3 populations, most of traits had significant positive correlation to each other. 2. Phenotype performance of Fe, Zn concentraitionrelated traits for F2:3 families and their parents There were highly significant differences between two parents in ZnK, FeK, ZnC and FeC in two populations. In MuS population, ZnK of SDM was highly significantly higher than Mu6, whereas ZnC, FeK, FeC of SDM were highly significantly lower than Mu6. In MoS population, ZnK, ZnC and FeK of SDM were highly significantly higher than Mo17, whereas FeC of SDM was highly significantly lower than Mo17. The frequency distributions of the four traits showed continuous phenotypic variation, but all four traits were not normally distributed. The heritability of FeK (﹤ ) was lower than the heritability of other three traits (﹥ ). There existed significant or highly significant positive correlations between ZnK and FeK, ZnC and FeC, whereas ZnK and FeK did not significantly correlate to ZnC and FeC. 3. Linkage map construction for the two F2 populations For MuS population, 160 polymorphism markers were used to develop the geic map. These SSR loci were mapped on 13 linkage groups cover。玉米花色苷含量相关性状和铁(fe)、锌(zn)含量相关性状的qtl初步定位及玉米籽粒花色苷含量两个主效qtlac6和ac10的精_细定位和上位性研究毕业论文(编辑修改稿)
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