人工智能分析报告-白宫人工智能白皮书：人工智能、自动化和经济(编辑修改稿)

人工智能分析报告-白宫人工智能白皮书：人工智能、自动化和经济(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

shift from. Research consistently finds that the jobs that are threatened by automation are highly concentrated among lowerpaid, lowerskilled, and lesseducated workers. This means that automation will continue to put downward pressure on demand for this group, putting downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on inequality. In the longerrun, there may be different or larger effects. One possibility is superstarbiased technological change, where the benefits of technology accrue to an even smaller portion of society than just highlyskilled workers. The winnertakemost nature of information technology markets means that only a few may e to dominate markets. If labor productivity increases do not translate into wage increases, then the large economic gains brought about by AI could accrue to a select few. Instead of broadly shared prosperity for workers and consumers, this might push towards reduced petition and increased wealth inequality. Historically and across countries, however, there has been a strong relationship between productivity and wages—and with more AI the most plausible oute will be a bination of higher wages and more opportunities for leisure for a wide range of workers. But the degree that this materializes depends not just on the nature of technological change but importantly on the policy and institutional choices that are made about how to prepare workers for AI and to handle its impacts on the labor market. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AUTOMATION, AND THE ECONOMY 3 Policy Responses Technology is not destiny。 economic incentives and public policy can play a significant role in shaping the direction and effects of technological change. Given appropriate attention and the right policy and institutional responses, advanced automation can be patible with productivity, high levels of employment, and more broadly shared prosperity. In the past, the . economy has adapted to new production patterns and maintained high levels of employment alongside rising productivity as more productive workers have had more incentive to work and more highly paid workers have spent more, supporting this work. But, some shocks have left a growing share of workers out of the labor force. This report advocates strategies to educate and prepare new workers to enter the workforce, cushion workers who lose jobs, keep them attached to the labor force, and bat inequality. Most of these strategies would be important regardless of AIdriven automation, but all take on even greater importance to the degree that AI is making major changes to the economy. Strategy 1: Invest in and develop AI for its many benefits. If care is taken to responsibly maximize its development, AI will make important, positive contributions to aggregate productivity growth, and advances in AI technology hold incredible potential to help the United States stay on the cutting edge of innovation. Government has an important role to play in advancing the AI field by investing in research and development. Among the areas for advancement in AI are cyberdefense and the detection of fraudulent transactions and messages. In addition, the rapid growth of AI has also dramatically increased the need for people with relevant skills from all backgrounds to support and advance the field. Prioritizing diversity and inclusion in STEM fields and in the AI munity specifically, in addition to other possible policy responses, is a key part in addressing potential barriers stemming from algorithmic bias. Competition from new and existing firms, and the development of sound propetition policies, will increasingly play an important role in the creation and adoption of new technologies and innovations related to AI. Strategy 2: Educate and train Americans for jobs of the future. As AI changes the nature of work and the skills demanded by the labor market, American workers will need to be prepared with the education and training that can help them continue to succeed. Delivering this education and training will require significant investments. This starts with providing all children with access to highquality early education so that all families can prepare their students for continued education, as well as investing in graduating all students from high school college and career ready, and ensuring that all Americans have access to affordable postsecondary education. Assisting . workers in successfully navigating job transitions will also bee increasingly important。 this includes expanding the availability of jobdriven training and opportunities for lifelong learning, as well as providing workers with improved guidance to navigate job transitions. Strategy 3: Aid workers in the transition and empower workers to ensure broadly share d growth. Policymakers should ensure that workers and job seekers are both able to pursue the job opportunities for which they are best qualified and best positioned to ensure they receive an appropriate return for their work in the form of rising wages. This includes steps to modernize the social safety , including exploring strengthening critical supports such as unemployment ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AUTOMATION, AND THE ECONOMY 4 insurance, Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and putting in place new programs such as wage insurance and emergency aid for families in crisis. Worker empowerment also includes bolstering critical safeguards for workers and families in need, building a 21st century retirement system, and expanding healthcare access. Increasing wages, petition, and worker bargaining power, as well as modernizing tax policy and pursuing strategies to address differential geographic impact, will be important aspects of supporting workers and address。