人工智能分析报告-白宫人工智能报告：美国人工智能研发战略计划preparingforthefutureofartificialintelligence(编辑修改稿)

人工智能分析报告-白宫人工智能报告：美国人工智能研发战略计划preparingforthefutureofartificialintelligence(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

............................35 AI and Cybersecurity .........................................................................................................................................................36 AI in Weapon Systems .......................................................................................................................................................37 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................39 Remendations in this Report ............................................................................................................................................40 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................................43 References .....................................................................................................................................................................................45 PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1 Executive Summary As a contribution toward preparing the United States for a future in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a growing role, we survey the current state of AI, its existing and potential applications, and the questions that are raised for society and public policy by progress in AI. We also make remendations for specific further actions by Federal agencies and other actors. A panion document called the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan lays out a strategic plan for Federallyfunded research and development in AI. Applications of AI for Public Good One area of great optimism about AI and machine learning is their potential to improve people‘s lives by helping to solve some of the world‘s greatest challenges and inefficiencies. Many have pared the promise of AI to the transformative impacts of advancements in mobile puting. Public and private sector investments in basic and applied Ramp。 D on AI have already begun reaping major benefits to the public in fields as diverse as health care, transportation, the environment, criminal justice, and economic inclusion. The effectiveness of government itself is being increased as agencies build their capacity to use AI to carry out their missions more quickly, responsively, and efficiently. AI and Regulation AI has applications in many products, such as cars and aircraft, which are subject to regulation designed to protect the public from harm and ensure fairness in economic petition. How will the incorporation of AI into these products affect the relevant regulatory approaches? In general, the approach to regulation of AIenabled products to protect public safety should be informed by assessment of the aspects of risk that the addition of AI may reduce alongside the aspects of risk that it may increase. If a risk falls within the bounds of an existing regulatory regime, moreover, the policy discussion should start by considering whether the existing regulations already adequately address the risk, or whether they need to be adapted to the addition of AI. Also, where regulatory responses to the addition of AI threaten to increase the cost of pliance, or slow the development or adoption of beneficial innovations, policymakers should consider how those responses could be adjusted to lower costs and barriers to innovation without adversely impacting safety or market fairness. Currently relevant examples of the regulatory challenges that AIenabled products present are found in the cases of automated vehicles (AVs, such as selfdriving cars) and AIequipped unmanned aircraft systems (UAS, or ―drones‖). In the long run, AVs will likely save many lives by reducing driver error and increasing personal mobility, and UAS will offer many economic benefits. Yet public safety must be protected as these technologies are tested and begin to mature. The Department of Transportation (DOT) is using an approach to evolving the relevant regulations that is based on building expertise in the Department, creating safe spaces and test beds for experimentation, and working with industry and civil society to evolve performancebased regulations that will enable more uses as evidence of safe operation accumulates. Research and Workforce Government also has an important role to play in the advancement of AI through research and development and the growth of a skilled, diverse workforce. A separate strategic plan for Federally funded AI research and development is being released in conjunction with this report. The plan discusses the role of Federal Ramp。 D, identifies areas of opportunity, and remends ways to coordinate Ramp。 D to maximize benefit and build a highlytrained workforce. PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2 Given the strategic importance of AI, moreover, it is appropriate for the Federal Government to monitor developments in the field worldwide in order to get early warning of important changes arising elsewhere in case these require changes in . policy. The rapid growth of AI has dramatically increased the need for people with relevant skills to support and advance the field. An AIenabled world demands a dataliterate citizenry that is able to read, use, interpret, and municate about data, and participate in policy debates about matters affected by AI. AI knowledge and education are increasingly emphasized in Federal Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education programs. AI education is also a ponent of Computer Science for All, the President‘s initiative to empower al。