二硫化碳风险评估报告(编辑修改稿)

二硫化碳风险评估报告(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

f the source document does not contain an environmental section, this may be produced de novo, provided it is not controversial. If no source document is available, IPCS may produce a de novo risk assessment document if the cost is justified. Depending on the plexity and extent of controversy of the issues involved, the steering group may advise on different levels of peer review:  standard IPCS Contact Points  above + specialized experts  above + consultative group The CICAD Final Review Board has several important functions:  to ensure that each CICAD has been subjected to an appropriate and thorough peer review。  to verify that the peer reviewers39。 ments have been addressed appropriately。  to provide guidance to those responsible for the preparation of CICADs on how to resolve any remaining issues if, in the opinion of the Board, the author has not adequately addressed all ments of the reviewers。 and  to approve CICADs as international assessments. Board members serve in their personal capacity, not as representatives of any anization, government, or industry. They are selected because of their expertise in human and environmental toxicology or because of their experience in the regulation of chemicals. Boards are chosen according to the range of expertise required for a meeting and the need for balanced geographic representation. Board members, authors, reviewers, consultants, and advisers who participate in the preparation of a CICAD are required to declare any real or potential conflict of interest in relation to the subjects under discussion at any stage of the process. Representatives of nongovernmental anizations may be invited to observe the proceedings of the Final Review Board. Observers may participate in Board discussions only at the invitation of the Chairperson, and they may not participate in the final decisionmaking process. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This CICAD on carbon disulfide was prepared by the Environmental Health Directorate of Health Canada and the Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch of Environment Canada based on documentation prepared concurrently as part of the Priority Substances Program under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). The objective of assessments on priority substances under CEPA is to assess potential effects of indirect exposure in the general environment on human health as well as environmental effects. Data identified as of the end of May 1999 were considered in these Information on the nature of the peer review and availability of the source document is presented in Appendix 1. Other source documents for the health and environmental effects include reports prepared by IPCS (1979), the Nofer Institute (Rolecki amp。 Tarkowski, 20xx), and the United Kingdom Department of Environment (Crookes et al., 1993). Other reviews that were also consulted include BUA (1993) and ATSDR (1996). Information on the peer review of this CICAD is presented in Appendix 2. This CICAD was approved as an international assessment at a meeting of the Final Review Board, held in Ottawa, Canada, on 29 October 1 November 20xx. Participants at the Final Review Board meeting are listed in Appendix 3. The International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC 0022) for carbon disulfide, produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS, 20xx), has also been reproduced in this document. The worldwide production capacity of carbon disulfide (CAS No. 75150) is approximately 1 million tonnes。 most of it is used in the production of viscose fibre and cellophane film. It is also released as a byproduct in oil and gas processing. Additional industrial releases result from its use in the chemical industry and tire manufacturing. Virtually all anthropogenic and natural releases are to air. Carbon disulfide is also produced naturally by soil and sediment microanisms, vegetation, forest and grass fires, and volcanoes. Worldwide, at least 40% and possibly as much as 80% of releases are a result of natural or biogenic activity. Carbon disulfide is ubiquitous throughout the environment. It has been detected in air, water, sediment, and soil。 however, it is present primarily in air. The highest concentrations of carbon disulfide in air in the source country for this CICAD (., Canada) have been measured near industrial sources, in particular near natural gas processing plants and sites with sulfurcontaining natural gas flares. Carbon disulfide is removed from the air primarily by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a halflife of 12 weeks. This halflife in air makes it a candidate for longrange transport。 however, it is rapidly diluted to natural background levels. Carbon disulfide is rapidly metabolized by anisms and does not bioconcentrate or biomagnify. Available data upon which to base estimates of human exposure to carbon disulfide are extremely limited。 however, air appears to be the major route of exposure for members of the general population. Airborne exposures are estimated to be elevated for populations in the vicinity of industrial point sources. Carbon disulfide is extensively absorbed by inhalation, but also via the skin. It is metabolized to several metabolites, one of which (2thiothiazolidine4carboxylic acid) is the basis for biomonitoring of exposure at the workplace. Available data to serve as a basis for assessment of the potential of carbon disulfide to induce irritancy or sensitization are limited. While it has been reported in secondary accounts of seemingly limited early studies that carbon disulfide is severely irritating to the eyes and skin, it has not been possible to verify these data. While inhalation in viscose rayon plants is irritating to the mucous membranes, including the respiratory system, the role of conitant exposure to hydrogen su。