水资源的综合管理分析外文翻译--通过对哥伦比亚的水资源的综合管理分析得出其瘫痪原因(编辑修改稿)

水资源的综合管理分析外文翻译--通过对哥伦比亚的水资源的综合管理分析得出其瘫痪原因(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

e a high technical capacity and sufficient personnel. On the other hand, CARs also have the function of reviewing and approving the environmental ponent of the Territorial Ordering Plans (POT). The POT is formulated by the municipalities and contains, among other aspects, the delimitation of areas for urban use/expansion and rural use. They also define categories and impose restrictions on the use of land for environmental, cultural or historic purposes. Finally, the National Environmental System includes five research institutions: (1) IDEAM is a national research institute which coordinates the Colombian Environmental Information System and is responsible for meteorology,hydrology, and related environmental studies. (2) The Von Humboldt Institute is responsible for biological and biodiversity research studies. (3) The INVEMAR Institute is responsible for marine and coastal research studies. (4) The SINCHI Institute is responsible for research concerning natural resources of the Colombian Amazon region. (5) The IIAP Institute is responsible for research concerning socioeconomic and natural resources of the Colombian Pacific region. Of the above,IDEAM is the main research institution related to water management. IDEAM operates the national hydrological and meteorological work, which supplies official information to all other institutions in Colombia, including aviation and hydroelectric utilities. It also establishes protocols to standardize the environmental collection of information. Among the studies undertaken by IDEAM is the National Water Study, which analyzes the water supply and demand, as well as the scarcity conditions throughout the country. Sectorial Regulation Water use for energy, water supply and sanitation and agricultural irrigation is regulated by sectorial ministries, as follows: Water for domestic/municipal use. Municipal authorities should guarantee the access of potable water and sanitation to their population. Their responsibilities range from water abstraction, storage, distribution and discharge, including the treatment of residual water. Usually they grant the concession for the operation of the potable water service and sanitation to a specialized entity or utility, which could be private, semiprivate or public. Each utility should have a Master Plan, which includes the main investments for the expansion of the coverage of potable water and sanitation in the urban areas. The investment and operation is financed mainly by tariffs to the users. Tariffs are subsidized for lowine users, while highine users have to contribute aboveaverage operating costs. In most of the municipalities, the subsidies are higher than the contributions, and therefore the deficit has to be covered by transfers from the national government to the municipalities. The calculation of the tariffs is regulated by a national Potable Water Regulatory Committee. Tariffs should pletely recover the operation costs and partly recover the investment costs of the service. The Committee has approved only the inclusion of environmental costs or investments in the tariffs limited to the charges required by law (water and pollution charges). The Ministry of the Environment designs the national policy for potable water and domestic services and helps the municipalities to reach their goals of increasing coverage in potable water and sanitation. The Ministry cofinances investments in potable water and sanitation with multilateral loans and money from public revenues. CARs also cofinance wastewater treatment systems with the pollution charge revenues. The access or expansion of the water intake for the potable water system requires a water permit granted by the CAR with the corre。