厌氧生物转化食物与绿色废弃物(编辑修改稿)

厌氧生物转化食物与绿色废弃物(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ENTS OF ONE BIOGAS PLANT 16 Dr. Norman Scott, Cornell University 奶牛发电场 美国经验 DAIRY POWERUS EXPERIENCE 17 5 0 0050010001500202025006 / 8 / 9 8 1 2 / 2 5 / 9 8 7 / 1 3 / 9 9 1 / 2 9 / 0 0 8 / 1 6 / 0 0 3 / 4 / 0 1 9 / 2 0 / 0 1 4 / 8 / 0 2 1 0 / 2 5 / 0 2 5 / 1 3 / 0 3N e t so l d t o t h e g r i dE l e c t r i c i t y g e n e r a t e d a n d n e t e l e c t r i c i t y s o l d t o t h e g r i d a t A A D a i r y p e r d a y ( 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 3 )P r o d u ce d o n F a r m5 0 p o i n t m o v i n g a v e ra g ekWhr/dayD i f f e r e n ce = E n e r g y U se d o n t h e F a r mD a t e能源与环保并重 ENERGY AND ECOLOGY: ENERGY FIRST 中国的食品企业沼气工程：环保优先、能源效益显著 BIOGAS IN NANYANG TIANGUAN CO. LTD: ECOLOGY FIRST BUT OUTSTANDING ENERGY OUTPUT 18 秸秆的大规模厌氧处理：能源平衡、秸秆快速处理 PLANT RESIDUE BIOGAS PLANT: ENERGY BALANCED AND QUICK BIOMASS FERTILIZER GENERATED 19 沼气工程问题的根源：沼气工程的定位 CORE ISSUE FOR AD: WHAT IS THE ROLE? 社会急需但是预期不合理 1) 由于能源、肥料等效益，沼气工程可以盈利 2) 由于原料充足，沼气工程可以大量建设 3) 沼气工程本身就是环保工程，实现了减排和环境保护目标 业主不积极 1) 沼气工程投资巨大，不具备经济性 2) 周年稳定运行不能保障 3) 不是完全的环保工程 导致产业界如下问题 【 1】 1) 技术开发能力和产业体系薄弱 2) 市场发育不健全，影响沼气工程综合效益 3) 地方政策扶持及激励措施力度不够 20 【 1】 卢鑫 , 宋伟平 .规模化畜禽场沼气工程现状和发展趋势 . 2020国际沼气学术研讨会暨产业化论坛 . 212215 Critical needs with unreasonable expectations: 1) Economical because of energy and fertilizer benefits 2) Available materials anywhere (causing planning problems) 3) AD is itself treating wastes so it is environmental protection facility for nonpollution discharge Livestock Farm Owners not positive 1) Heavy investment and not economically attractive 2) Not stably running year round 3) Can not be thought in fact as nonpollution discharge Resulted in the problems for AD industry【 1】 1) Weak industrialization, weak technology application 2) Not well developed market for AD construction 3) Not well designed policy for AD promotion 沼液对环境的潜在污染：奶牛场厌氧出水（沼液）的特点 POTENTIAL POLLUTION TO ENVIRONMENT: DIGESTATE CHARACTERISTICS 总氨氮 TAN: 1,200 ~ 2,500 mg/L 总固体 TS: 12,000 ~ 38,000 mg/L 总悬浮固体 TSS: 6,000 ~ 28,000 mg/L 总磷 TP: 100 ~ 450 mg/L 钙 Ca: 600 ~ 1,400 mg/L 镁 Mg: 200 ~ 450 mg/L 酸碱度 pH: ~ 21 厌氧发酵原料的可行性 AVAILABILITY OF AD MATERIALS 除城市有机垃圾和工业有机污水外，中国另外三种主要沼气发酵原料秸秆、畜禽养殖废弃物和农村居民有机废弃物约 50亿吨。 可为全国 亿个沼气池提供足够的原料，超过。 【 1】 但是原料总量充沛，不意味着均衡供应，也不意味着能源供应的充沛。 1）畜禽粪便占总原料量的 90%以上，而其中的 50%以上来自大中型养殖场。 大中型养殖场建设的沼气工程如果向农村居民供气，存在经济性问题。 2） 6亿吨秸秆是农民可以直接利用的厌氧发酵原料。 但是一半以上的秸秆直接用于农村炊事尤其是取暖，还有用作饲料和其他原料；真正剩余的秸秆量不超过 25%。 3）农村沼气池不可能为农村提供取暖的用能。 22 【 1】 李轶冰 , 杨改河 , 楚莉莉 , 等 .中国农村户用沼气主要发酵原料资源量的估算 . 资源科学 . 2020, 31(2):231237 Besides Organic waste from cities and industries, the dominating anic materials for AD account for about 5 B tons. It averagely can be for the AD materials for 280 M household biogas reactors, which is more than the 250 M households in rural China. However, the “sufficient materials does not mean balanced availability. It neither means sufficient energy availability for the rural China. 1) Livestock manure accounts for more than 90% of the AD materials. Half is from scaled livestock farm. There is economical feasibility problem for biogas distribution. 2) Half of the 600 M tons of crop residues are used by farmers for heating and cooking, the other quarter is used for animal feed. Only 25% is available. Besides, biogas reactor for crop residues is not well developed. 3) Biogas in rural area is only for cooking, only enough for cooking when summer. 养殖场沼气能源意义不大 QUESTION ENERGY EVIDENCE OF LIVESTOCK FARMS AD 截止到 2020年全国累计建设畜禽粪污沼气工程 1747。