华东师大普通心理学考研复习资料(编辑修改稿)

华东师大普通心理学考研复习资料(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

nscious of the Great Pattern Is a spiritua virtue. Spiritua virtue is awesome and infinite And it leads All things back to their Source. Then there emerges the Great Harmony. 66 Rivers and the sea are able to rule the streams of a hundred valleys. Because they are good at taking the lower position, The streams of a hundred valleys run to them. Therefore, if you want to rule effectively over people You must surely speak as if below them. If you want to lead well, You must surely walk behind them. That way when the Sage takes a position of power The people will not fee oppressed. And when the Sage leads The people will not think he is in the way. Therefore the whole world joyfully praises him and does not tire of him. Because he refuses to pete, The world cannot pete with him. 67 Everyone says this Tao of mine is great and nebulous. So great, in fact, that it is too nebulous To be of any use. I have three treasures that I hold and cherish: One is called passion Another is called moderation And the third is called daring not to pete. With passion, one is able to be brave. With moderation, one has enough to be generous with others. Without petition, one is fit to lead. Nowadays people don39。 t bother with passion But just try to be brave. They scoff at moderation And find they have little enough for themselves. They step on people in their rush to be first This is death! One who is passionate in warfare is victorious And in defense he holds fast. When Heaven moves to save someone It protects him through passion. 68 The best soldier is not violent. The best fighter is not driven by anger. The true conqueror wins without confrontation. The best employer is humble before his employees. I say there is much good in not peting. I call it using the power of the people. This is known as being in tune with Heaven, Like the Sages of old. 69 The military has a saying: I would rather be passive, like a guest than aggressive, like a host. I would rather retreat a foot than advance an inch. This is called going forward without instigating, Engaging without force Defense without hatred Victory without weapons. There is no greater calamity than underestimating the enemy. If I take my enemy too lightly, I am in danger of losing my passion, moderation and nonpetitive spirit. So, when two armies confront each other Victory will go to them that grieve. 70 My words are very easy to understand And very easy to practice. Yet the World is not able to understand Nor able to put them into practice. My words speak of the primal. My deeds are but service. Unless people understand this They won39。 t understand me. And since so few understand me, Then such understanding is rare and valuable indeed. Therefore the Sage wears mon clothes And hides his treasures only in his heart. 71 She who knows that she does not know is the best off. He who pretends to know but doesn39。 t is ill. Only someone who realizes he is ill can bee whole. The sage is not il because she recognizes this illness as illness, Therefore she is not ill. 72 When people lose their fear of power Then great power has indeed arrived. Do not intrude on the people39。 s materia living. Do not despise their spiritua lives, either. If you respect them, you will be respected. Therefore the Sage knows himself, But he is not opinionated. He loves himself, but he is not arrogant. He lets go of conceit and opinion, and embraces selfknowledge and love. 73 A soldier who has the courage to fight will eventually be killed. But one who has the courage not to fight will live. In these two, one is good and the other harmful. Who knows why Heaven allows some things to happen? Even the Sage is stumped sometimes. The Way of Heaven Does not pete, but is good at winning。 Does not speak, yet always responds。 Does not demand, but is usually obeyed。 Seems chaotic, but unfolds a most excellent plan. Heaven39。 s is cast wide And though its meshes are loose, Nothing is ever lost. 74 If people do not fear death How can you threaten them with it? If people live in constant fear of death, Because those who break the law are seized and killed, Who would dare to break the law? There has always been an officia executioner. If you take the law into your own hands And try to take his place, It is like trying to take the place of a master carpenter In which case you would probably hurt your hands. 75 The people are starving because their leaders eat up All their money in taxes. And so, they are hungry. The people are rebellious Because their leaders are intrusive. And so, they protest. The people make light of death because their leaders live so well at their expense. And so, they expect death. Therefore, it seems that one who does not grasp this life too tightly is better off than one who clings. 76 When people are alive they are soft and weak. At their death they are hard and rigid. All young things, including grass and trees Are soft and frail. At their death they are withered and dry. So, All that are hard and rigid take the pany of death. Those who are soft and weak take the pany of life. Therefore, powerfu weapons will not succeed (Remember that strong and tal trees are the ones that are cut down). The strong and rigid are broken and laid low. The soft and weak will always overe. 77 The Tao of Heaven is like the stringing of a bow. The high is pressed。