外文资料翻译---综合框架逆向物流(编辑修改稿)

外文资料翻译---综合框架逆向物流(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

responsible behavior. However, these reverse logistics strategies might lead to a large amount o f returned and recycled merchandise. Businesses require additional information to resolve this vicious circle. Otherwise, the opaque information might invoke a huge bullwhip effect. As business obtains more information, they can predict and prepare, or even prevent bad effects in reverse activities. If the returned products are fashion merchandise, such as 3C electronic product or seasonal clothes, then the product remaining value might fall when they are sent back by the consumer to the producer site . Therefore, if sufficient information is available to enable businesses to predict returns early, then business could properly prepare and reduce process time to maintain their remaining values. Additionally, due to the enforcement of WEEE or RoHS in European Union, manufacturers would bee concerned with the recycle ratio at any time. This study considers these reverse logistic activities more actively. An agentbased model is presented to increase information transparency degree (ITD) of the entire supply chain management (SCM). A supply chain with a high ITD serves as an early warning system, and works very efficiently. A High ITD enhances information sharing within an entire supply chain management (SCM). 2 Problem Descriptions Previous studies have categorized reverse logistic activities into three groups, as shown in Table 1, namely return, repair and recycle. In the process of forward logistics, suppliers provide raw material to manufacturers, who make products, which are then sent to customers, generally through distributors. Conversely, a customer might send a product back for return, repair or recycling. Additionally, manufacturers and suppliers also need to deal with defective or nonworking products. Recycling collectors need to dispose of these recycled products properly, and transfer reusable materials back to the supplier and manufacturer. This process is known as reverse logistics. These reverse activities have the following problems. (1) If a customer returns product to a distributor, then the distributor might stock returned products to a particular level, then send them back to manufacturer. However, this practice adversely affects the manufacturer, who has less time to process the returned products, thus the lowering their remaining value. (2) Recycling laws, such as WEEE and RoHS in the European Union, increase the importance of recycling activities. Businesses need to monitor recycle ratios, and raise them to ply with recycling laws. (3) Finally, in the repair aspect, repairing processing time should be reduced to maintain the image of a business. Table 1. The definition of reverse logistic activities Activity Definition Result Return Consumers return the products bought within certain period of time for any reason (rational or irrational).Depending on policies, customer may receive another identical new product, an equivalent product exchange or full money back. Repair Consumers send broken product to repair center (or original producer). Customer generally would receive workable product back. Recycle Consumers send unvalued or unwanted product to recycling collectors. Customers might or might not receive rewards. All these problems are customercentric and difficult to predict. However, if the ITD of the entire supply chain could be improved, then the prediction accuracy could be enhanced to enable the upstream and downstream enterprises of supply chain to be prepared early. 3 Proposed Framework This study assumes symbiosis in the entire supply chain system. The supply chain’s participants are assumed to share three databases, name。