外文翻译-软件工程(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译-软件工程(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

systems. OS 360 is the first large software project, which uses about 1,000 programmers. Fred Brooks in his subsequent masterpiece, The Mythical Man Month (The Mythical ManMonth) in the once admitted that in his management of the project, he made a million dollar mistake. Property losses: software error may result in significant property damage. European Ariane rocket explosion is one of the most painful lesson. Casualties: As puter software is widely used, including hospitals and other industries closely related to life. Therefore, the software error might also result in personal injury or death. Was used extensively in software engineering is the Therac25 case of accidents. In 1985 between June and January 1987, six known medical errors from the Therac25 to exceed the dose leads to death or severe radiation burns. In industry, some embedded systems do not lead to the normal operation of the machine, which will push some people into the woods. Methodology There are many ways software engineering aspects of meaning. Including project management, analysis, design, program preparation, testing and quality control. Software design methods can be distinguished as the heavyweight and lightweight methods. Heavyweight methods produce large amounts of official documentation. Heavyweight development methodologies, including the famous ISO 9000, CMM, and the Unified Process (RUP). Lightweight development process is not an official document of the large number of requirements. Lightweight methods, including wellknown Extreme Programming (XP) and agile process (Agile Processes). According to the new methodology in this article, heavyweight method presented is a defensive posture. In the application of the heavyweight methods software organizations, due to a software project manager with little or no involvement in program design, can not grasp the item from the details of the progress of the project which will have a fear, constantly had to ask the programmer to write a lot of software development documentation. The lightweight methods are presented aggressive attitude, which is from the XP method is particularly emphasized four criteria munication, simplicity, feedback and courage to be reflected on. There are some people that the heavyweight method is suitable for large software team (dozens or more) use, and lightweight methods for small software team (a few people, a dozen people) to use. Of course, on the heavyweight and lightweight method of approach has many advantages and disadvantages of debate, and various methods are constantly evolving. Some methodologists think that people should be strictly followed in the development and implementation of these methods. But some people do not have the conditions to implement these methods. In fact, the method by which software development depends on many factors, but sub。