外文翻译--金融工具公允价值会计银行监管的意义-金融财政(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--金融工具公允价值会计银行监管的意义-金融财政(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ies (FASB, 1998). SFAS No. 115 requires recognition at fair value investments in equity and debt securities classified as held for trading or availableforsale. Fair value changes for the former appear in ine, and fair value changes for the latter are included as a ponent of accumulated other prehensive ine, ., are excluded from ine. Those debt securities classified as held to maturity continue to be recognized at amortized cost. SFAS No. 123 (Revised) requires the cost of employee stock options grants be recognized in ine using grant date fair value by amortizing the cost during the employee vesting or service period. This requirement removed election of fair value or intrinsic value cost measurement permitted under the original recognition standard, SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stockbased Compensation (FASB, 1995). Until recently, most firms elected to measure the cost of employee stock options using intrinsic value. However, for such firms, SFAS No. 123 requires they disclose a pro forma ine number puted using a fair value cost for employee stock option grants, as well as key model inputs they use to estimate fair values. SFAS No. 133 requires all freestanding derivatives be recognized at fair value. However, SFAS No. 133 retains elements of the existing hedge accounting model. In particular, fair value changes in those derivatives employed for purposes of hedging fair value risks (., interest rate risk and modity price risk) are shown as a ponent of ine, as are the changes in fair value of the hedged balance sheet item (., fixed rate loans and inventories) or firmmitments (., forward contracts). If the socalled fair value hedge is perfect, the effect on ine of the hedging relationship is zero. In contrast, fair value changes in those derivatives employed for purposes of hedging cash flow risks (., cash flows volatility resulting from interest rate risk and modity price risk) are shown as a ponent of accumulated other prehensive ine because there is no recognized offsetting change in fair value of an implicitly hedged balance sheet item or anticipated transaction. Outside of the US, standards issued by the IASB are often accepted or required as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in many countries. For example, the European Union generally requires member country firms to issue financial statements prepared in accordance with IASB GAAP beginning in 2020. IASB GAAP prises standards issued by its predecessor body, the International Accounti ng Standards Committee (IASC), as well as those it has issued since its inception in 2020. The IASC issued two key fair value standards, both of which have been adopted by the IASB, IAS 32: Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation (IASB, 2020), IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IASB, 2020). The former standard is primarily a disclosure standard, and is similar to its US GAAP counterparts, SFAS Nos. 107 and 119. IAS 39 describes how particular financial assets and liabilities are measured (., amortized cost or fair value), and how changes in their values are recognized in the financial statements. The scope of IAS 39 roughly enpasses accounting for investment securities and derivatives, which are covered under SFAS Nos. 115 and 133, although there are some minor differences between IAS and US GAAP. The IASB has also issued a key fair value standard, International Financial Reporting Standard 2, Accounting for Sharebased Payment (IASB, 2020). IFRS 2 is very similar to SFAS No. 123 (Revised) (FASB, 2020) in requiring firms to recognize the cost of employee stock option grants using grant date fair value. As part of their efforts to harmonize US and international accounting standards, the IASB and FASB recently issued related proposed or finished standards pertaining to disclosure of financial instruments fair values, Exposure Draft: Fair Value Measurements (FASB, 2020a) and International Financial。