外文翻译--通过绿色会计有色眼镜：教学环境会计-会计审计(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--通过绿色会计有色眼镜：教学环境会计-会计审计(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

EITF Issue No. 908 on capitalizing versus expensing costs for remediation of environmental contamination (1991)。 EITF Issue No. 935 concerning the treatment of potential recoveries (from other private parties or insurers) and discounting of environmental liabilities (1993). For publiclytraded panies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has also mandated environmental disclosures. These include, among others, additional 5 disclosures in the management discussion and analysis (MDamp。 A) portion of annual filings。 SEC Financial Reporting Release (FRR) No. 36 concerning interpretation of MDamp。 A disclosure rules (1989), and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 92 concerning accounting and disclosure for certain loss contingencies, primarily those relating to environmental costs (and warranties) (1989). Most recently, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has issued a Statement of Position (SOP). The SOP clarifies application of SFAS No. 5 (1975) and FIN No. 14 (1976) and identifies certain regulatory benchmarks to help determine when liabilities must be recognized (see Gill 1995 for a review). Course topics related to these regulations could include accounting for containment of environmental contamination and treatment costs。 estimation and recognition of contingent environmental liabilities。 and disclosure of pending or threatened legal action and of material effects of environmental pliance on capital expenditures, earnings and petitive position. In addition to covering technical procedures, implications of financial accounting rules for firm valuation, stakeholder wealth and managerial incentives could be explored. Costs associated with remediation can illustrate the paradoxical nature of the accounting process. For example, a conservative bias in financial accounting generally leads to remediation costs being expensed. However, many of those same costs (., asbestos removal or installation of a containment barrier) are required to be capitalized for tax purposes, thereby deferring or even precluding (when capitalized to land) their deductibility. Consistent with AECC remendations, these topics facilitate discussion of the economic consequences of accounting pronouncements. For example, promulgation of accounting rules can be viewed as a political process. Accounting rules frequently reflect a promise or economic tradeoff between different parties peting for scarce resources. Financial statement users demand more and better disclosures about the firm and its activities. The firm and its management, however, may resist revealing proprietary information if disclosure is viewed as costly and potentially promising. Managers thereby have incentives to manage their voluntary disclosure policy which may make the resulting disclosures 6 less useful. On the other hand, some evidence indicates that stock returns are positively correlated with certain voluntary disclosures of environmental exposure (Blacconiere and Patton 1994). Discussion of marketbased empirical research (., stock price reaction, market valuation, firm performance, management pensation, etc.) on environmental disclosures can extend students39。 appreciation of the impact and pervasiveness of environmental accounting issues by providing evidence on the valuerelevance and usefulness of the disclosures. In addition, many firms have begun voluntarily issuing Environmental Annual Reports. Although there are no formal standards governing these reports, they typically summarize the environmental impact of their businesses. The content of environmental annual reports ranges from qualitative description to quantitative reporting of environmental activities。 it also appears to span the continuum from mere greenwash to genuine fiscal mitment. Classroom discussion of this type of voluntary disclosure can center on the format, content, and potential relevance of these reports to the firms39。 many stakeholders. MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING Some of the more interesting environmental accounting challenges faced by practitioners are in the managerial accounting area, although the basic tech。