外文翻译--挑战的国际合作,以扩大航空和航运(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--挑战的国际合作,以扩大航空和航运(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

to identify and develop the mechanism or mechanisms that can achieve the limitation or reduction of GHG emissions from international shipping, and asked for the evaluation of technical, operational and marketbased solutions to limiting the GHG output of maritime transport. The UK, under the lead of the domestic Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), has been pushing the IMO to consider a full range of technical, methodological and marketbased options for controlling maritime transport’s emissions of GHGs, particularly CO2. Discussions are continuing on the feasibility of the EU incorporating this sector into the EU ETS as a demonstration not only of the seriousness with which the EU views this issue but also of the effectiveness of emissions trading as a control measure. Interactions with the international trade regime The international trade regime offers one route to handle large disparities in levels of carbon pricing between major economies. Some economists have analysed the potential to use the international trade regime to respond to significant differences in the level of carbon prices applied in different economies. Countries could in theory impose a border tax on imports from countries with lower carbon prices – to correct for the under pricing of carbon in the country of origin. This could overe carbon leakage or petitiveness concerns by reducing the incentive for domestic production to relocate abroad, and could increase the incentives for other countries to adopt similar measures to reduce GHG emissions. There is a clear logic here. There has been a longstanding debate about whether border tax adjustments in response to carbon price differentials would be legal under World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. Since the early 1980s, several cases have been brought to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and the WTO that have implications for 3 济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译 environmental measures or human healthrelated measures. In particular, the 1998 ruling on the ‘shrimpturtle’ case can be used to suggest that, as long as border adjustments or regulations on greenhouse gas intensity of the production process are carried out in a nondiscriminatory way, they are likely to be permitted. Adjustments to take account of carbon price differentials could also occur if exporter countries voluntarily impose export restraints within bilateral or multilateral agreements. For example, after the abolition of a global quota system, China had offered to raise its export tariffs and reduce export tax rebate rates to help manage the entry of their textiles into the EU and US markets. Under this arrangement, the revenues would have been paid to the Chinese government but EU and US producers would have been。