外文翻译--悬架系统工作原理(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--悬架系统工作原理(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ecause shocks and struts have so much to do with the handling of a car, they can be considered critical safety features. Worn shocks and struts can allow excessive vehicleweight transfer from side to side and front to back. This reduces the tire’s ability to grip the road, as well as handling and braking performance. Antisway Bars Antisway bars (also known as antiroll bars) are used along with shock absorbers or struts to give a moving automobile additional stability. An antisway bar is a metal rod that spans the entire axle and effectively joins each side of the suspension together. 4 When the suspension at one wheel moves up and down, the antisway bar transfers movement to the other wheel. This creates a more level ride and reduces vehicle sway. In particular, it bats the roll of a car on its suspension as it corners. For this reason, almost all cars today are fitted with antisway bars as standard equipment, although if they39。 re not, kits make it easy to install the bars at any time. Suspension Types: Front So far, our discussions have focused on how springs and dampers function on any given wheel. But the four wheels of a car work together in two independent systems the two wheels connected by the front axle and the two wheels connected by the rear axle. That means that a car can and usually does have a different type of suspension on the front and back. Much is determined by whether a rigid axle binds the wheels or if the wheels are permitted to move independently. The former arrangement is known as a dependent system, while the latter arrangement is known as an independent system. In the following sections, we39。 ll look at some of the mon types of front and back suspensions typically used on mainstream cars. Front Suspension Dependent Systems Dependent front suspensions have a rigid front axle that connects the front wheels. Basically, this looks like a solid bar under the front of the car, kept in place by leaf springs and shock absorbers. Common on trucks, dependent front suspensions haven39。 t been used in mainstream cars for years. Front Suspension Independent Systems In this setup, the front wheels are allowed to move independently. The MacPherson strut, developed by Earle S. MacPherson of General Motors in 1947, is the most widely used front suspension system, especially in cars of European origin. Suspension Types: Rear Rear Suspension Dependent Systems If a solid axle connects the rear wheels of a car, then the suspension is usually quite simple based either on a leaf spring or a coil spring. In the former design, the leaf springs clamp directly to the drive axle. The ends of the leaf springs attach directly to the frame, and the shock absorber is attached at the clamp that holds the 5 spring to the axle. For many years, American car manufacturers preferred this design because of its simplicity. The same basic design can be achieved with coil springs replacing the leaves. In this case, the spring and shock absorber can be mou。