外文翻译--建筑中的结构设计及建筑材料-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--建筑中的结构设计及建筑材料-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

visualize his or her options for achieving overall structural integrity and consider the constructive feasibility and economic of his or her scheme .But this will require that the architect and/or a consultant be able to conceptualize totalsystem structural options in terms of elemental detail .Such overall thinking can be easily fed back to improve the spaceform scheme. At the preliminary level, the architect’s emphasis will shift to the elaboration of his or her more promising schematic design options .Here the architect’s structural needs will shift to approximate design of specific subsystem options. At this stage the total structural scheme is developed to a middle level of specificity by focusing on identification and design of major subsystems to the extent that their key geometric, ponent, and interactive properties are established .Basic subsystem interaction and design conflicts can thus be identified and resolved in the context of totalsystem objectives. Consultants can play a significant part in this effort。 these preliminarylevel decisions may also result in feedback that calls for refinement or even major change in schematic concepts. When the designer and the client are satisfied with the feasibility of a design proposal at the preliminary level, it means that the basic problems of overall design are solved and details are not likely to produce major change .The focus shifts again ,and the design process moves into the final level .At this stage the emphasis will be on the detailed development of all subsystem specifics . Here the role of specialists from various fields, including structural engineering, is much larger, since all detail of the preliminary design must be worked out. Decisions made at this level may produce feedback into Level II that will result in changes. However, if Levels I 建筑工程 学院 土木工程 专业 08 土木 班 学生 邓志明 外文翻译 井冈山 大学外文翻译用纸 and II are handled with insight, the relationship between the overall decisions, made at the schematic and preliminary levels, and the specifics of the final level should be such that gross redesign is not in question, Rather, the entire process should be one of moving in an evolutionary fashion from creation and refinement (or modification) of the more general properties of a totalsystem design concept, to the fleshing out of requisite elements and details. To summarize: At Level I, the architect must first establish, in conceptual terms, the overall spaceform feasibility of basic schematic options. At this stage, collaboration with specialists can be helpful, but only if in the form of overall thinking. At Level II, the architect must be able to identify the major subsystem requirements implied by the sch。