外文翻译--委内瑞拉的物流战略与实施(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--委内瑞拉的物流战略与实施(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

itors and focus groups with 4. Methods used to determine customers’ logistics needs. Again, Venezuelan panies do not perceive longterm mitment as an important strategy. Table 6 shows strong correlation among the first three techniques. Table 6. Correlation among logistic requirements. Practices And Techniques Respondents’ firms value more integration with suppliers and customers (coincident with the confessed strategy), performance evaluation and benchmarking than more recent practices like ECR. But the use of these practices is in contradiction with the perceived importance (Figure 5), and so a correlation test was performed as presented in Table 5. Perceived importance and utilization of key logistics practices and techniques. 6 These results show the low perceived importance prefixed IMP of recent practices like ECR and their relation with their usage prefixed USE. Attention is caught by the importance assigned to integration along the supply chain (IMPSUPPL and IMPCLIEN) pared to its actual application specially with suppliers, and the relationship among performance (PERFO), outsourcing (OUTSO) and integration with customers (CLIEN). Logistics integration is desired, rather than implemented, according to these 7. Correlation among logistic elements. A factor analysis was performed to further study existing relations. Table 8 shows results for factors and Table a3 (appendix 2) the total variance 8. Factor Analysis of logistic practices and techniques. The firms link outsourcing with more recent techniques (ECR, crossdocking), from the point of view of importance. This implies a particular cultural perception: outsourcingis a novelty in an environment that favors vertical is linked with evaluations (EVALU), indicating an adequate correspondence between firm’s policies and practices. ECR is related directly to outsourcing, but in the opposite direction to the usage of integration with suppliers. This constitutes a logistic opportunity. The use of benchmarking appears related to the variables just mentioned, as a tendency to perform better than petitors. Crossdocking is linked to integration in the direction of the supplier, reflecting exigencies from the latter, more than initiatives from the supplier. The importance of developing a work with suppliers and customers contrasts with the (opposite) relation assigned to outsourcing. The perception of the outsourcer as an intruder to the work is significant and suggests cultural misalignments. This topic is further explored in the next section. Outsourcing Only outsourcing of transportation is both perceived as important and widely used (Figure 6). Other activities show important gaps between perceived importance and use, denoting the implicit conflict between control and 6. Perceived importance and utilization of outsourcing. The ranked reasons to outsource were focus on core petencies, improvement in service quality,better use of resources and cost reduction. The relative perception of reasons to outsource points out to a tight relation between cost reduction and efficient use of resources, besides the association with service quality improvement. This suggests an implicit direct relation between quality and cost, which may be caused by cultural factors. 7 Table 9, a correlation study, shows the relation among these variables Table 9. Correlation among reasons to outsource. Therefore the quality of the provided service and efficiency are perceived as the firms’ core objectives, and not cost reduction. This view could be caused by the relatively small size of the market in Venezuela. When asked to report why not to outsource, the responses show a particular pattern: every variable analyzed (nonavailable services, costlier, confidentiality, and control and legal restrictions) bees independent. This is shown as a correlation analysis in Table 10, which shows quite differentiated perceptions about each one of the surveyed 10. Correlation among reasons to avoid outsourcing. Technology To study relations between technology availability (AVA prefix) and its use (USE prefix) seven types of technological resources were proposed to the surveyed managers: integrated systems, bar coding, tracking facilities, GIS, GPS, EDI, and Inter/Web (same order of appearance in the respective table).The reported usage was concentrated in integrated systems and bar coding technology. More than 60% of the respondents reported the other resources as unknown or not used in their firm (shown in the right axis of Figure 7 as % of panies reporting availability of IT).Table 11. Correlation among availability and use of technology. From both tables, integrated systems are perceived as in tight relation with bar coding, EDI and satellite positioning, but only linked to geographical databases. It could be a bias caused by the selling strategies of such equipment providers. Tracking is associated with geographical databases, in contrast with the opposite relationship assigned to shared applications with suppliers and customers. This points out power conflicts derived from information control. In Venezuela, it is mon to relate power to informati。