外文翻译--利用热电偶测量50吨金属陶瓷锆硼化物端盖转炉中的金属均值温度(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--利用热电偶测量50吨金属陶瓷锆硼化物端盖转炉中的金属均值温度(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

convection currents of nonuniformly heated metal (local overheatings are possible), and the temperature in the reaction zone :may exceed 2500 ~ C. As a result of this flow, it is possible that the end cap sometimes es into contact with the converter slag carried by the metal. The converter reduction slag contains a large amount of ferrous oxide FeO, which constitutes the intermediate pound that transfers the oxygen from the gaseous phase to the interior of the metal for the oxidation of impurities. The slag activity with respect to oxygen is very high. Zirconium and boron have an affinity to oxygen and are actively oxidized at temperatures as low as 800~ If the slag temperature exceeds 1600 ~ C (which is the case in the converter), the end cap material, regardless of its high refractoriness, oxidizes from the surface, thus forming ZrO 2 and t~O3 oxides, which are readily washed away by the slag, during which plex silicates are formed due to thepresence of SiOz in the slag. As a result, the end cap dissolves in the slag until it fails mechanically in three to eight minutes. Therefore, the protection of the end cap constitutes the main problem. The design of the converter proper and the caisson of the 50ton converter are such that the thermocouple can be introduced into the metal only through the casing and the lining of the converter39。 s lower conical part (Fig. 1). In* The zirconiumboride cases were developed at IMSS, Academy of Sciences, Ukr. SSR, under the supervision of G. V. Samsonov, Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences, Ukr. to test the resistance of the end caps in the metal, they were inserted through the lining at the same level betweenthe bottom and the slag. The thermoelectrodes were encased in a narrow alundum tube (Fig. 2), and the junction was place in an alundum end cap, which was protected by means of a zirconiumboride cap, after which the thermocouple was place in a metallic tube. After the first experiments, the alundum end cap was made longer in order to protect the thermoeouple from shorting by the metal that has perated the lining. The misgivings concerning the possibility of the metal escaping through the entrance opening were not justified. During the first melting after the thermocouple was installed, the molten iron perated the thermoeouple entrance opening, sometimes even appearing on the outside of the casing, but。