外文翻译--世界的碰撞-探索社交媒体技术在在线学习的应用(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译--世界的碰撞-探索社交媒体技术在在线学习的应用(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

le use their puters to watch television, listen to radio, find apartments to rent, and even find a spouse. Tedlow (2020) describes what happens to panies who look away and go into denial when paradigms shift. This is a good way to miss opportunities or even bee obsolete. Some famous 第 2 页 共 8 页 examples of denial are Henry Ford’s obsession with only offering an inexpensive, black, nofrills Model T Ford. Aamp。 P, which at one time was one of the largest retailers in the ., missed a huge opportunity to grow by not recognizing that television was making manufacturers’ brands more important than store brands. This sort of myopia is no less true in education, and perhaps more true in the slowmoving terrain of higher education. Even the disciplines of today are changing rapidly because of information access, collaboration technology, and convergence, among other factors. There are many more specialties today than in the past and there is much more boundary crossing and interdisciplinary activity (Klein, 1996: 42). Klein (1996: 191) asserts: Almost all significant growth in research in recent decades, the mittee [National Research Council] concluded, has occurred at the 39。 interdisciplinary borderlands39。 between established fields. It is unrealistic to believe that an educator with expertise in only a single discipline will be able to provide the necessary knowledge to solve problems that will arise in one or two decades. The amount of knowledge continues to increase exponentially. Models of online learning have evolved quite a bit from the correspondence courses that became popular in the 19th centrury, just in time to collide with 21st century pedagogies in which munication, interaction, student engagement, active learning, and assessment are of critical importance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevant published literature, looking at online learning activities through the prism of the defining characteristics of today’s new munication technologies. THE SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES The socalled social media technologies – often referred to as Web –enpass a wide variety of webrelated munication technologies such as blogs, wikis, online social working, virtual worlds and other social media forms. Strategically, within an organization, social media technology may be incorporated individually – as, say, a corporate blog or a CEO39。 s blog (Wyld 2020) – or prehensively as a separate corporate function whose objective is to facilitate online munication and collaboration (Dearstyne 2020。 McAfee 2020). Some of the ways that social media technologies are being used in business and other fields of endeavor have been examined in Friedman and Friedman (2020). Some use the term Web to refer to the technological underpinnings of much of what we call social media. This term started to e into usage around 2020, when O39。 Reilly publications started to refer to modern Inter applications as Web These are second generation web applications, a quantum leap ahead of the old applications (Vossen and Hagemann 2020). Web is all about human interaction – conversations in cyberspace. This new media, rather than replacing the old media, converges with it. TVs are merging with the Inter, and we now have an infotainment industry. Librarians may still help students find books, but are more likely to help them navigate the Inter and retrieve useful and credible information. Much has been said about the unique character of the social media technologies, the features that unite these seemingly disparate technologies under a single umbrella. These characteristics of social media can be summarized by the 5 C’s (Friedman and Friedman 2020): munication, collaboration, munity, creativity, and convergence. 第 3 页 共 8 页 COMMUNICATION. By and large, social media technologies are concerned with munication between and among human beings. This munication may be uni bi or multidirectional, collaborative, worked, or viral. Blogs may be viewed as an alternative or plement to publishing, but they may also be alternatives to personal webpages. Bloggers don39。 t only engage in oneway posting. Many cite each other’s work a great deal and post ments and ripostes on each other’s blogs, and this results in conversational blogging (Efimova and de Moor 2020). Social working sites like Facebook and Twitter enable munication among groups of people, large and small. The rapid speed of munication over worked Web technology platforms is probably best evidenced by videos that go “viral.” COLLABORATION. New media technologies enable collaboration over the Inter. Blogs in general have limited collaboration, although a single blog may be shared among a group of bloggers and sometimes a blog may be used for group work. Wikis are today’s collaboration tool. These are also scalable, in that private wikis for small groups of people work just as well as the largest collaborative product we have ever seen – Wikipedia. Some authors have examined how wikis are used (Tapscott and Williams 2020。 Sunstein 2020), both at work and in other arenas of life. Social media also encourages collaboration with virtual conferencing on, say, SecondLife. COMMUNITY. Social media like Facebook, Twitter, SecondLife, Webkinz, , and other Webenabled social media forms serve to make the world a smaller place. Groups of people, large and small, are better able to interact more regularly, stay in touch, acplish various goals, because of these technologies. Social media technologies fostering munity, are democratic and inclusive. Today’s technology may be the great equalizer, producing a leveling of the playing field (Johnson 2020). Many of the web technologies we may not previously have associated with social media now have a social working ponent, for example eBay, YouTube, and HowStuffWo。