外文翻译---英格兰和威尔士地区建筑能效的提高-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译---英格兰和威尔士地区建筑能效的提高-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

nd ‘major renovations’,and Energy Performance Certifi cates (EPCs).2 There is an important interrelationship between these two tools with limitations on the application of building standards potentially offset by the broad educative value of EPCs. However, there is also a risk that building standards and EPCs will be insuffi cient to adequately curb energy consumption levels across England and Wales. This is because a building that incorporates greater energy effi ciency and certifi cation to this effect does not automatically reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is a recurring issue for all forms of environmental regulation, in terms of whether any environmental objective can ever be achieved in the absence of trying to bring about a better relationship between regulated parties and their environment. The EU has sought to tighten this framework through a recast directive to be transposed by July The recast EPBD is a stronger framework but this paper argues there is further scope to realise the emission reduction potential of the building sector. It must also be emphasised that other areas of regulation may ultimately have a bearing on the potential effectiveness of the EPBD. These include product effi ciency standards, moary and fi scal incentives for households and businesses to invest in energy effi ciency, and pricing controls to raise the cost of fossil fuel based energy relative to renewable These areas warrant separate analysis beyond the confi nes of this paper. In focusing specifi cally on the EPBD, the purpose of this paper is not to downgrade the signifi cance of other regulatory developments, but to demonstrate problematic aspects of the EPBD. The paper is divided into four parts. Part 1 provides a basic background. It defi nes energy effi ciency and explains the signifi cance of energy effi ciency to reaching a solution to the problems of climate change and energy security. It then sets out the main elements of the EPBD framework as implemented in England and Wales. The separate implementation by Scotland, Northern Ireland and Gibraltar is beyond the scope of this paper. Part 2 analyses the advantages and disadvantages of building standards and EPCs as regulatory tools, and the bined potential effect of these tools. Part 3 examines further regulatory techniques to strengthen the overall framework. Part 4 concludes. PART 1 – BACKGROUND ENERGY EFFICIENCY DEFINED Energy efficiency in the building sector is defined as ‘the ability to provide the same (or higher) level of energy services, such as thermal fort, highquality lighting … at lower energy consumption and cost’.5 It is about using less energy to do the same things regardless of where that energy is sourced. Energy efficiency can be broken down further by distinguishing between energy efficiency design, technologies and practices. ‘Design’ Is about incorporating passive techniques to minimise。