外文翻译---捕获土建工程质量事故的成本(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译---捕获土建工程质量事故的成本(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ality and cost running counter to each other. Documentation on quality management achievements reveals the opposite to this traditional view. Companies which are capable of reducing cost without sacrificing quality are more likely to offer products/services more cheaply, thus making the product more attractive to the client. This is another reason for measuring quality. The measurement of performance in managing quality can take many forms. However, it is most convincing if benefits can be shown in terms of cost since costs have a great impact on business. In quality management the use of cost as a measure of performance has been recognized and this is usually known as the cost of quality or quality cost. While it is relatively easy to assess the cost of implementing a quality system, inspection costs and other costs related to prevention and appraisal activities, the cost of failure in construction processes are seldom measured. If causes of failure and their associated costs can be identified and reduced, resources can be used for productive work, and cost and time savings will follow. SOURCES OF QUALITY FAILURE Quality failures in a civil engineering project originate in stages such as: • project appraisal: failure to recognize the project needs and requirements, and to minimize factors associated with risk, client39。 s influence, munication problems。 • design: inplete information, changes in design, design mistakes, client39。 s influence, munication problems。 • construction: labor, material, subcontractor, plant and equipment, unforeseen conditions and events, project uncertainty, client39。 s influence, munication problems and poor planning. During the appraisal stage, the functional needs of the project are investigated and identified. In order for these needs to be accurately translated into information for decision making, the promoter has to consider all variables which relate to the project requirements. Only when the appraisal stage is thoroughly explored can the needs be decoded in design. Measuring quality in the design phase is perceived to be difficult because all too often the designer is not the final user assessing the quality performance of the product[l]. During the construction phase problems arise out of inplete or unclear engineering information, which results fre。