口译分类词汇-世贸组织词汇(doc13)-考试学习(编辑修改稿)

口译分类词汇-世贸组织词汇(doc13)-考试学习(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

g a specific time period. rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an antidumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country. safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected buildup of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994. subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports. tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural marketaccess provision in which all nontariff measures are converted into tariffs. trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (. simplification of customs procedures). VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls. 中国最大的管理资源中心 (大量免费资源共享 ) 第 7 页 共 13 页 Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a tenyear period. carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year. carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota. circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product. CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC. integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January 1995 and ending on 1 January 2020. ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Genevabased group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing. MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (197494) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions. swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product. TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC mitments. transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry. Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2020 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2020 – 06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below). border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry. BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”. box — Category of domestic support. — Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits. — Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally tradedistorting. — Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction mitments. Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, 中国最大的管理资源中心 (大量免费资源共享 ) 第 8 页 共 13 页 Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay. CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s prehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world. Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO mission that deals with international standards on food safety. distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a petitive market. deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain modities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less. EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to pete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets. food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as selfsufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support — Enpasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade。 direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production. International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards co。