外文翻译---在孟加拉国的农村地区存在有商业价值的农作物保险吗(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译---在孟加拉国的农村地区存在有商业价值的农作物保险吗(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

f data originating from a CV survey through a DB DC elicitation method. Respondents, under this valuation method, are asked two WTP questions: do you accept a start bid ci and do you accept a followup bid bi. Based on these two questions, four possible intervals for WTP can be constructed, namely: WTP =1 Rejecting both the start bid (ci) and followup bid (bi) WTP =2 Rejecting the start bid (ci) and accepting the follow up bid (bi) WTP =3Accepting the start bid (ci) and rejecting the follow up bid (di) WTP =4Accepting both the start bid (ci) and follow up bid (di) The average WTP for crop insurance was estimated using standard statistical software. The estimated average WTP values were used to calculate future values of expected insurance premiums receivable by the insurers using the following formula: Pe=WTP*[(1+r)n1]/r where Pe future value of insurance premium (per insurance contract) r interest rate n number of payments WTP estimated average willingness to pay for crop insurance A partneragent (PA) model of institutional framework was assumed for insurance supply. In a PA model, insurance panies and microcredit providers collaborate to jointly offer the insurance schemes. Generally, insurance panies bear the full risk, while microcredit providers carry out most of the field level operational and administrative work through their established extensive client work. Administrative cost of offering, distributing and maintaining insurance contracts under such a model is reduced either to zero or to a very negligible amount per insurance contract. Summary and conclusion The aim of the study presented here was to assess the mercial viability of a hypothetical crop insurance market in rural areas facing four different types of natural disaster risks. Three thousand six hundred residents were asked about the nature and extent of damage costs incurred due to catastrophic events and their WTP to reduce damage risks using the DB CV method. We find around half of the sample households was willing to buy an insurance in principle which indeed indicates low demand for crop insurance. Majority of those respondents who did not agree to buy an insurance indicated lack of money ine as reason for not buying insurance. This finding confirms that ine constraint is a major demand side obstacle to setup a disaster insurance market in developing countries. However, a considerably large proportion (33%) of the respondents who did not want to buy disaster insurance in principle indicated that they did not like the terms and conditions of the proposed insurance scheme. This finding is important to take on board while designing a microinsurance scheme for rural population in Bangladesh as this finding, to some extent, reflects that a pletely conventional type of insurance market may not be popular among the target clients. Our study reveals that crop insurance demand varies across household head’s primary occupation, land ownership and size of the farm land. We find that it was mainly agricultural farmers who owned large parcels of farm land were willing to buy crop insurance to protect themselves against the risks of catastrophic damage. Our study further reveals that crop damage cost and household WTP to reduce crop damage vary significantly across the nature of the disaster risks. Households who suffered from the highest average crop damage costs per catastrophic event were willing to pay the lowest premium to avoid crop damage risks. We show that such paradoxical result in estimated WTP arises due to the existing disparity in average household ine in different risk areas. However, it is important to note that the demand analysis presented in this paper is primarily based on observed associations and relationships using linear correlations and nonparametric testing procedures. A more extended deterministic model to further test the underlying causal。