外文翻译---土耳其农村城镇化进程中的环境问题-环境工程(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译---土耳其农村城镇化进程中的环境问题-环境工程(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

tion increase in the surrounding areas, where more land is available. A substantial amount of prime agricultural land is being transformed into different land uses, but local munities do not consider this withdrawal of land from agricultural production to be responsible for the loss of rural landscape. Although no official statistics exist on the rate of agricultural land conversion in Turkey, some 山东理工大学本科毕业论文 5 research reveals the general trend: urbanization occurs at the expense of agricultural land and decreases the per capita amount of arable land that remains. This can cause agricultural expansion into wetlands and other ecologically valuable areas or unsustainable intensification of agriculture to increase food production in the remaining land. Turkey’s national policy for agriculture is to develop an organized sector with a high petitiveness that holistically considers the economic, social, environmental, and international aspects of agriculture, within the framework of efficient resource use, to supply food to a growing population while ensuring food security. Major highlights of this policy include increased production levels and crop yield, increased agricultural ine, rural development, protection of natural resources, and sustainable agriculture. 3. Land Use Trends During Urbanization of the City of Aydin, Turkey Turkey has experienced rapid social, economic, and environmental change since 1980. The objective of economic growth without considering sustainability shows signs of causing serious changes in rural landscapes if measures are not taken soon to implement sustainable development. The 1980s and 1990s also witnessed a growing interest in environmental issues as a result of Turkey’s mitment to international treaties. The central decisionmaking process pertaining to the environment has greatly benefited from and been shaped by international environmental trends since Turkey signed and ratified many environmental treaties during the past several decades. Generating legislation is not sufficient to attain national environmental goals. The government must also ensure that the purpose of this legislation is met to ensure that the environment can withstand the negative effects of constantly changing and conflicting policies. The case study of the City of Aydin offers a good example of the impact of national policies on land use dynamics at local landscape scale. Landscape ecology is important for planning because it explicitly pays attention to spatial patterns and processes, offers theory and empirical evidence that help planners understand and pare different spatial configurations of land uses. This also predicts the ecological consequences of plans, allowing planners to generate more realistic and prehensive solutions. As a result of industrialization, the Aydin districts experienced the greatest population increases. However, the inevitable consequence of this trend is urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is the disorderly and unregulated expansion of housing, industrial, and mercial development in and beyond the periphery of metropolitan areas. According to Tregoing and others (2020), sprawl consumes precious open space and spoils the landscape with ugly development. However, unlike in northern Europe, America, and other larger metropolitan areas in Turkey, this process didn’t begin to accelerate in the study area until the past decade. Overall, the trend for the landscape matrix of the study area has been outward expansion of urban 山东理工大学本科毕业论文 6 areas, with the most rapid changes occurring at the fringes of the urban area. However, this growth had not occurred in a simple concentric form, but instead was discontinuous, especially in the Aydin districts, with the formation of separate patches of urban development in the periurban areas and along the major highways. This is a mon trend not only in Turkish cities but in Mediterranean European cities such as Barcelona. Consequently, maintaining sustainable agriculture bees an issue in this context. Sustainable agriculture means agriculture that conserves land, water, and plant and animal geic resources, does not degrade the environment, and is economically viable and socially acceptable. A variety of public policies and programs, such as zoning, use value assessment, purchasing or transferring development rights, and purchasing conservation easements, could protect these rural landscapes. Furthermore, no prehensive plan exists to mitigate the negative consequences of transformations in land use at a landscape scale for all urban areas. Currently, each municipality produces their own individual plans. With different plans operating for different municipalities,。