外文翻译---利益相关者压力和价值在环保物流中的作用(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译---利益相关者压力和价值在环保物流中的作用(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 线 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ The approached population consisted of medium and large Spanish panies in three industrial sectors: chemical products, electronic and electrical equipment, and furniture and fixtures. The purpose was to choose sectors subjected to different environmental problems and pressures, and panies large enough to assure that the implementation of the diverse practices considered in the analysis makes sense. All the entries with more than 100 employees in each of the selected industrial sectors were extracted from the Dun amp。 Bradstreet census of the 50,000 largest Spanish panies. Thus, the target population finally consisted of 428 panies, 156 of which were in the chemical sector, 211 in the electronic and electric equipment sector, and 61 in the furniture sector. After a pretest on 9 panies, an extensive postal questionnaire covering different aspects of environmental management was addressed to the production and operations manager of each pany. In all the cases, the questionnaire was preceded by a phone call to identify the appropriate addressee, to announce the sending of the questionnaire and to ask for presentation letter was attached to each questionnaire and, some days after the mailing, a second phone call was made to all the panies that had not replied. This procedure yielded a total of 186 valid responses which represent a global response rate of %, which in turn corresponds to rates of %, % and % for the chemical, electronic equipment and furniture industries, respectively. (Two) Measures Environmental Logistics Practices: Each pany was asked to score the degree of implementation of each environmental logistics practice included in Figure 1 according to a sixpoint scale . Only one factor resulted with an eigenvalue greater than 1. The indicators of reliability and validity (factor loadings) were appropriate. Perceived Stakeholder Environmental Pressure: Each manager was asked to score the environmental pressure exerted by the stakeholder groups included from 1 to 6 . Principal ponents analysis was applied to the 10 items and two factors turned out to have eigenvalues higher than one,together accounting for % of the the items except governments and regulatory agents load on the first factor. Therefore, factors were labelled as governmental pressure and nongovernmental pressure, respectively. This result indicates that those panies in the sample that perceive high pressure from any nongovernmental stakeholder tend to perceive high pressure as well from the other nongovernmental stakeholders. In other words, all the nongovernmental stakeholders tend to be perceived as a homogeneous group. 长春大学光华学院 毕业设计（论文）译文纸 共 13 页 第 5 页 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 装 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 订 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 线 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ Managerial Environmental Awareness: To measure environmental awareness, operations managers were asked to mark their degree of agreement or disagreement with 3 statements on a sixpoint Likert scale. These statements consisted of assertions about the need for higher voluntary and unselfish implication of panies for the achievement of sustainable development(see Table 3). The 3 items were reduced to a single measure through principal ponents analysis. Construct validity (factor loadings) and reliability (Cronbach’s α) were acceptable. (Three) Analysis Company size, measured as hundreds of employees. This variable was included to control the effect of scale economies on the implementation of environmental practices and the advantages derived from the superior availability of resources in large panies. Several papers reveal the relevance of this variable in explaining environmental proactivity . Internationalization, formalized as a binary variable that differentiates firms integrated in international business groups. This variable was included to control the effect of corporate size as well as the effect of knowledge transfer between different divisions and plants. The industrial sector, which required the introduction of two binary variables distinguishing the chemical and electronic and electrical equipment sectors, respectively. The use of advanced production and operations management (POM). This variable was built through principal ponents analysis from the degree of implementation rated on a sixpoint Likert scale of five advanced production and operations management practices: Total Quality Management, advanced manufacturing technologies, JustinTime, informationtechnologybased integrated management systems such as ERPs, and collaboration with suppliers . This variable reflects the proactivity of the pany’s manufacturing strategy and, to some extent, the strategic importance the pany gives to the production and operations function, which is often responsible for many of the environmental practices implemented by panies . Thus, this variable has been included to control the effect of the capabilities derived from the implementation of advanced manufacturing practices, which can facilitate the environmental transformation of panies. Several authors have provided evidence of the importance of the implementation of advanced manufacturing practices to explain environmental issues and there is also some evidence in the particular case of green supply chain management. Fouth， discussion of results 长春大学光华学院 毕业设计（论文）译文纸 共 13 页 第 6 页 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 装 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 订 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 线 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊。