外文翻译----设计供应链以用来合理区分原始设备制造商的特点(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译----设计供应链以用来合理区分原始设备制造商的特点(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ponents and colors are closely related to the latest design trends and, as a result, they are associated with a higher clockspeed than the other ponents. During the concept phase the design fashion trends are still evolving but the core product attributes (plastic moulds, pigments, etc.) are known, as are the basic manufacturing processes. The batches are smaller than the ones used for the previous ponents in order to ensure flexibility. The electronic ponents and software have the highest clockspeed among the automotive subsystems. During the concept design phase only the performance specifications can be determined. Even these specifications are subject to change pending technological advancement during the design phase as well as the social preferences of the customers. In the automotive industry the highest financial burden is created by the huge time gap between the capital investment and the moment of the first sale. This creates an acute need for accurate sales volumes predictions and, even more importantly ,sales option mix. The base models volumes (with lower sticker prices and profitability) are easier to predict than the high option content vehicles which bring in the most profits. In general, the higher the clockspeed the less predictable the demand bees. The clockspeed of the ponents and their associated clock speed scores are instrumental in prioritizing the product design, process capacity planning and SC coordination activities during the NPI concept design phase. Classifying ponents based on their strategic importance From the government requirements and customer preferences point of view, the ponents and subsystems could also have different strategic importance to the OEMs. In fact, as we will show later, the ‘‘make or buy’’ decisions as well as the design of the SC during the concept phase of the NPI also require a greater understanding of the ponents’ strategic importance. How could we organize these strategic differences? Generally, the architecture of a product is considered a constraint for the sourcing decisions. In the openarchitecture (the one whose specifications are public), as long as the performance specifications of a product are met then the manufacturing process could be spread outside the boundaries of one corporation. One of the great advantages of an open architecture is that anyone can design addon products for it. By making architecture public, however, a manufacturer allows others to duplicate its product. Bicycles and PCs are excellent examples of modular products with open architectures. Putting together standardized parts will result in the final product. Naturally, the extreme plexity of a vehicle (4,000–5,000 main ponents and up to 20,000 parts) and the inherited integral character of the system make it difficult to develop robust interfaces and performance specifications to serve as a development base for the individual subsystems and ponents functional specifications. However, the applicability of the open architecture concept to auto manufacturing is a growing phenomenon. Today, the ‘‘Open Source’’ design and manufacturing of an entire vehicle may be a concept of the future, but in the realm of low strategic importance ponents it is very much a current event (see Blankma al. 2020 for details). In North America, although the OEMs are gradually opening up the architectur。