外文翻译----奥运会：里约能像北京那样获益良多吗？(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译----奥运会：里约能像北京那样获益良多吗？(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

to its marketing before and after. I suspect others are doing the same.” The Games People Play For host cities generally, sponsorship seems to be a mixed blessing. A number of studies by academics and consultants suggest that Olympicsrelated economic growth is often a case of wishful thinking, and that positivelyspun scenarios often don39。 t differentiate shortterm consumer spending from longterm growth. Notably, cities are often left with costly yet unusable Olympics infrastructure once the party is over dormitories, specialized facilities, an oversupply of hotel rooms, to name a few. Although cities have learned from past mistakes and there is more effort to convert facilities to new uses Atlanta, host of the 1996 Olympics, for example, ended up with $500 million of new, privately funded public buildings and a 21acre park the ability to cut losses is different from a genuine economic gain. 4 For Beijing, the financial and human costs of the 2020 Olympics were enormous: More than 600,000 residents were displaced as old neighborhoods were razed to make way for the Olympic venues. And while the legacy includes new subway lines, a new stateoftheart stadium and a swimming and diving center, so far, only one event has been held in the 91,000seat stadium a massive opera production and there is some talk that it could eventually be converted into a shopping center. Other host cities have much less to show for their efforts. The games in Athens costing approximately $14 billion went so far in the red that the bills are still being paid, amounting to the equivalent of $70,000 per household, according to an estimate by . newspaper The Independent. It took Montreal39。 s residents until 2020 to pay off the $1 billion their 1976 Olympics cost. For the hosts‟ countries, the value may be more positive, given that PR is managed well. Anholt says tourism in Australia jumped after the 2020 summer games in Sydney, in part because of a postevent publicity campaign touting the games39。 success. But for every Australia, there39。 s a Greece, he notes. Greece failed to capitalize on the twin successes of the Athens 2020 games and its hosting of and victory in the European football championship that same year, “its greatest PR opportunity since the sack of Troy,” he says. The only messages Athens gave me when I watched the games were: We can afford a lot of fireworks。 we are very proud of our heritage。 we are better organized than you think in other words, nothing that raised its profile among other countries. But despite the risks such as PR campaigns ing unstuck the upsides of hosting the Olympics outnumber the downsides, particularly as the world climbs out of the economic downturn. A recent study by two economists Andrew Rose of the University of California, Berkeley, and Mark Spiegel of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco found that after an Olympics, host countries‟ export trade generally increases. In an examination of 196 countries‟ economic performance between 1950 and 2020, they found that former Olympic host countries tend to have 30% more exports than the average, nonhosting country, a correlation they found to be “statistically robust, permanent and large.” Not only that, “the games do not seem to act as simple export promotion, but are instead associated with an increase in twoway trade between the host and the rest of the world,” the。