外文翻译----基于产业集群系统的创新发展(编辑修改稿)

外文翻译----基于产业集群系统的创新发展(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

nce in each cluster. To make it to be reality, it needs to be supported by managing the work, either for local cluster or multinational corporation, and/or overseas cluster. KPIN also defines prioritized industries which will be stimulated in the future. The selection of the industry has purpose that the development process is more focused and easier to measure the criteria of success. Based on the formulation of national industry policy, the development of industrial cluster is aimed to achieve the followings: Strengthening industries in the value chain includes core industries, related industries, and supporting industries by location advantages, which may stimulate parative advantages to be a petitive advantage. Strengthening relationships among/between clusters in the same sectors or between/among clusters in the other sectors, all at once stimulate partnership between SMEs and large enterprises and other relevant interactive relationships, which then form industrial work and structure supporting increase of valueadded through productivity improvement. Stimulating the growth of related industries which need supplies of the same raw material and supporting material, therefore it can strengthen partnership between/among prioritized, related, or supporting industries. Concept of Cluster Based on the studies by Alfred Marshal (Isbashoiu, 2020), three conditions for setting an industrial cluster are identified: the existence of a pool of adequate labor, the existence of specialized suppliers and the possibility of external spillovers (the rapid transfer of knowhow and ideas inside the cluster). In addition, Walter Isard (Isbashoiu, 2020) expanded this concept using the exportoriented industries and its linkages to other industries in the region. According to him, these strong industrial linkages are indicating the existence of an industrial cluster. Porter popularized the concept of industrial clusters in his book The Competitive Advantages of Nations (cited by Isobashoiu, 1997), in which he examines two types of clusters: vertical clusters, made up of industries that are linked through buyerseller relationships。 horizontal clusters, that include industries which might share a mon market for the products, use a mon technology, labor force skills and similar resources. Many academics point out that regional clusters had their origins in particular local factor conditions, local demand, and the presence of a related industry. Based on different kinds of knowledge (Ishobaoui, 2020), there are two types of petitive clusters: techno clusters, which are hightechnology oriented, well adapted to the knowledge economy。 historic knowhowbased clusters, which are based on more traditional activities that maintain their advantage in knowhow over the years. Industrial cluster in Perpres No. 28/2020 regarding the National Industry Policy is defined as a group of core industry concentrated regionally or globally which relating and has social interaction each other dynamically, either by related industry in improving efficiency, creating collective asset, and encourage creation of innovation, so that it creates petitive advantage. Moreover, formulation of national industrial policy explain that cluster industry is industrial grouping which relating each other, either as core industry, supporting industry, or as related industry. Concerning with innovation, industrial cluster can be categorized in four groups (Pavitt, 1984). They are sciencebased clusters, scaleintensive clusters, supplier dominated clusters, and specialized suppliers clusters. In siencebased clusters, access to basic research and government Ramp。 D institution bee important aspects in research activities. This type of cluster is patent intensive and need high level of Ramp。 D. It tends to collaborate with government Ramp。 D sector. This type of industry in this cluster is pharmaceutical industry. Scaleintensive clusters tend to build relationship with universities and technical insitution as research performer. Therefore panies are not conducting many research activities. Their innovative achievement depend on their ability to import and build science developed in other。