管理风险的决定因素-保险综合(编辑修改稿)

管理风险的决定因素-保险综合(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

rms will be more willing to seek risks than managers in larger firms. • 假设 4C：由政府控制的组织中的管理者不如非政府机构的 管理者愿意寻找风险。 Hypothesis 4C. Managers in governmentcontrolled anizations will be less willing to seek risk than managers in nongovernmental agencies. • 假设 4D：认为其组织愿意冒险的管理者比认为其组织倾向于避免 风险的管理者更愿意寻找风险。 Hypothesis 4D. Managers who believe anizations take risks will be more willing to seek risks than managers who believe their anizations avoid risks. • 假设 5A：成就需要高的管理者比成就动机低的管理者更愿意寻找风险。 Hypothesis 5A. Managers with higher achievement needs will be more willing to seek risk than managers with lower achievement motivation.. • 假设 5B：有内部控制范围的管理者比有外部控制范围的管理者表现出更多的 风险意愿。 Hypothesis 5B. Managers with an internal LOC will exhibit greater risk willingness than those with an external LOC. • 假设 5C：越能容忍意义含糊的话的管理者比不能容忍意义含糊的话的管理者 更愿意寻找风险。 Hypothesis 5C. Managers with higher levels of ambiguity tolerance will be more willing to seek risks than managers who cannot tolerate ambiguity. • 假设 5D： A型管理者更愿意寻找风险。 Hypothesis 5D. Type A managers are more willing to seek risks. 注： A型行为，即人们表现出来的一种行为模式的程度，包括增加的竞争力， 时间紧迫感，急噪（ Friedman amp。 Rosenman,1974) (the degree to which people exhibit a pattern of behavior that includes increased petitiveness ,a sense of time urgency,and irritability ) 五 .评估风险倾向（ Assessing Risk Propensity) ，原因： • 风险随其重要程度而变化 (Risk varies along key dimension) • 每个人对构成风险的因素的看法不同 （ Individuals differ in their perceptions of what constitutes a risky situation) ， 包括十种假设 (scenarios) 十种假设： • 控制对不确定的项目的预算投资 （ controlling a budget investment in an uncertain project) • 没有再销售所需的进口许可的保证就大量采购 (making a bulk purchase without the guarantee of an import license needed for resale) • 决定是否冒潜在的违反专利权的风险 (deciding whether to risk a potentially negative patent violation lawsuit) • 决定是否和竞争对手进行风险大的联合冒险 (deciding whether to undertake a risky joint venture with a petitor) • 继续还是终止对未成功的生产线的投资 (continuing or discontinuing investment in an unsuccessful product line) •决定是进行一种风险大但有潜在利润的新产品的设计，还是继续已经 确定的设计方案 . (choosing whether to go with a risky but potentially profitable new product design or continue with an established design ) •在处理有缺陷的消费品时，决定是否冒有潜在的消极的后果的风险 . (deciding whether to risk potential negative consequences in dealing with a faulty consumer product) •投资风险大的国外风险项目 . (investing in a risky foreign venture) •冒着工业生产不按正常程序进行的风险，以确保最初的成本储存 . (risking an overorder of an industrial product to ensure initial cost savings) •决定是否接受一个刚起步的公司提供的多风险的工作 . （ deciding whether to accept a risky job offer with a startup pany) ： • 决策者风险后果的程度 (the decision maker’s risk oute magnitude) • 个人面对的风。