外文文献及翻译：信息系统开发和数据库开发-数据库(编辑修改稿)

外文文献及翻译：信息系统开发和数据库开发-数据库(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

stomers, products, suppliers, sales and processing of the data center), rather than merging many detailed information requested ( orders such as a screen or in accordance with the importation of geographical sales summary report). Topdown planning will enable developers to plan more prehensive information system, consider system ponents provide an integrated approach to enhance the information system and the relationship between the business objectives of the understanding, deepen their understanding of information systems throughout the organization in understanding the impact. Information Engineering includes four steps: planning, analysis, design and implementation. The planning stage of project information generated information system architecture, including enterprise data model. Information System Planning Information systems planning objective is to enable IT organizations and the business strategy closely integrated, such integration for the information systems and technology to make the most of the investment interest is very important. As the table as a description, information engineering approach the planning stage include three steps, we in the followup of three sections they discussed. 1. Critical factors determining the planning Planning is the key factor that organizational objectives, critical success factors and problem areas. These factors determine the purpose of the establishment of planning and environment planning and information systems linked to strategic business planning. Table 2 shows the Pine Valley furniture pany39。 s key planning a number of possible factors, these factors contribute to the information systems manager for the new information systems and databases clubs top priority to deal with the demand. For example, given the imprecise sales forecasts this problem areas, information systems managers in the organization may be stored in the database additional historical sales data, new market research data and new product test data. 2. The planning organizations set targets Organizations planning targets defined scope of business, and business scope will limit the subsequent analysis and information systems may change places. Five key planning targets as follows: ● organizational units in the various sectors. ● organizations location of the place of business operations. ● functions of the business support organizations handling mission of the relevant group. Unlike business organizations function modules, in fact a function can be assigned to various organizations modules (for example, product development function is the production and sale of the mon responsibility of the Ministry). ● types of entities managed by the organization on the people, places and things of the major types of data. ● Information System data set processing software applications and support procedures. 3. To set up a business model A prehensive business model including the functions of each enterprise functional deposition model, the enterprise data model and the various planning matrix. Functional deposition is the function of the organization for a more detailed deposition process, the functional deposition is to simplify the analysis of the issue, distracted and identify ponents and the use of the classical approach. Pine Valley furniture pany in order to function in the functional deposition example in figure 2 below. In dealing with business functions and support functions of the full set, multiple databases, is essential to a specific database therefore likely only to support functions (as shown in Figure 2) provide a subset of support. In order to reduce data redundancy and to make data more meaningful, has a plete, highlevel business view is very helpful. The use of specific enterprise data model to describe the symbol. Apart from the graphical description of this type of entity, a plete enterprise data model should also include a description of each entity type description of business operations and a summary of that business rules. Business rules determine the validity of the data. An enterprise data model includes not only the types of entities, including the link between the data entities, as well as various other objects planning links. Showed that the linkage between planning targets a mon form of matrix. Because of planning matrix need not be explicit modeling database can be clearly described business needs, planning matrix is an important function. Regular planning matrix derived from the operational rules, it will help social development activities that top priority will be sorting and development activities under the topdown view through an enterprisewide approach for the development of these activities. There are many types of planning matrix is available, their monalities are: ● locations features show business function in which the implementation of operational locations. ● unit functions which showed that business function or business unit responsible for implementation. ● Information System data entities to explain how each information system interact with each data entity (for example, whether or not each system in each entity have the data to create, retrieve, update and delete). ● support functions data in each functional entities in the data set for the acquisition, use, update and delete. ● Information System target indication for each information system to support business objectives. Figure 3 illustrate a possible functions data entities matrix. Such a matrix can be used for a variety of purposes, including the following three objectives: 1) identify gaps in the data entities to indicate the types of entities not use any function or functions which do not use any entity. 2) found that the loss of each functional entities involved in the inspection。