专门替中国人写的英语语法(doc53)-考试学习(编辑修改稿)

专门替中国人写的英语语法(doc53)-考试学习(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

t Sunday. 12. ＊ It rains last night. 13. ＊ I am playing when you called. 14. ＊ It is raining when I drove to work last night. 15. ＊ He do not know me. 16. ＊ I were swimming when my mother came. 17. ＊ They is singing now. 18. ＊ He do not like to swim. 19. ＊ He always wear a black coat. 20. ＊ He is watch TV now. 第四章 完成式（ Perfect Tense） 4167。 1 现在完成式（ Present Perfect Tense） 完成式的形式是 verb to have + past participle，每一个动词，都有过去式和过去分词，以下就是一些例子： 原式 过去式 过去分词（ past participle） go went gone e came e see saw seen do did done watch watched watched get got gotten（或 got） have had had use used used buy bought bought listen listened listened draw drew drawn paint painted painted leave left left arrive arrived arrived dance danced danced kill killed killed write wrote written run ran run swim swam swum snow snowed snowed 9 eat ate eaten love loved loved fly flew flown spread spread spread hit hit hit drink drank drunk take took taken grow grew grown sell sold sold ride rode ridden steal stole stolen break broke broken walk walked walked read read read sing sang sung work worked worked 以下的句子都是用了现在完成式： I have read this book. I have seen the movie. I have lived here since 1973. I have studied English for a long time. He has washed his hands. He has left. He has already pleted the report. The storm has arrived. I have taken the job. I have written the letters. I have not seen him since 1975. I have never seen this man before. 什么情况之下要用现在完成式呢。 1. 首先假设我们有一件事，发生在过去，而一直延续到现在，就要用现在完成式，这种句子后面常有 since 或 for。 以下是这种情形的例子： （ 1）自从 1963 年，我一直在念英文。 I have studied English since 1963. （ 2）自从 1975 年以后，我就住在这里。 I have lived here since 1975. （ 3）自从我是一个小孩子，我就喜欢摇滚乐。 I have loved rock and roll music since I was a child. （ 4）自从去年，我就从来没有见过他。 Since last year, I have never seen him. （ 5）自从 1950 年以后，他就一直在此工作。 He has worked here since 1950. （ 6）我认识他已经很久了。 I have known him for a long time. （ 7）他练习网球已经四年了。 He has already practiced tennis for （ the past） four years. （ 8）我穿这件夹克很久了。 I have worn this jacket for a very long time. （ 9）我开这辆汽车很久了。 I have driven this car for a long time. （ 10）好久没有下雨了。 It has not rained for a long time. ，比方说，你说〝我已经写了那封信〞，就可以用现在完成式，或者，你说〝他已经完成了工作〞。 以下是这类的例子： （ 1）我已经写了这封信。 I have already written the letter. （ 2）他已经完成了工作。 He has already pleted the work. 10 （ 3）我已经测试了这个程序。 I have already tested the program. （ 4）我已经收到了你的信。 I have already received your letter. （ 5）他已搬到了一个较大的房子。 He has already moved to a bigger house. （ 6）虽然他很年轻，但他已写了三本小说。 Although he is young, he has already written three novels. （ 7）我打了二次电话给他，他都没有回答。 I called him twice, he has never answered. ， 举例来说，〝我曾经到过美国〞、〝我曾见过李总统〞、〝我有生以来没有跳过舞〞，这些都应该用现在完成式，例如： （ 1） 我曾经到过美国。 I have been to America. （ 2） 我曾见过李总统。 I have seen President Lee. （ 3） 我有生以来没有跳过舞。 I have never danced in my life. （ 4） 我看过〝双城记〞。 I have read The Tale of Two Cities. （ 5） 他曾吃过这种冰淇淋。 He has tasted this kind of ice cream. （ 6） 我未曾见过雪。 I have never seen snow. （ 7） 你曾见过雪吗。 Have you ever seen snow? （ 8） 你登过玉山吗。 Have you ever climbed Jade Mountain。 ： （ 1） 今年我国已有二次台风。 We have already had two typhoons so far this year. （ 2） 他今年已发表了三篇论文。 He has already published three papers this year. （ 3） 过去一年，我看了三次〝铁达尼号〞。 In the past year, I have seen The Titanic three times. 对读者而言，最重要的是〝现在完成式〞和〝过去式〞不同究竟在那里。 最重要的不同在于，一旦在句子中讲一件过去发生的事，而且指定特定的时间，就一定要用〝过去式〞，而不能用〝现在完成式〞。 比方说，〝我曾经看过「铁达尼号」 〞，可以用现在完成式，因为这句话没有指明任何特定的时间，假如说，〝我昨天晚上去看「铁达尼号」〞，就一定用过去式，读者不妨看看以下的比较： （ a） I went to America last year. I have been to America. （ b） I saw The Titanic last year. I have seen The Titanic twice. （ c） I finished my homework late last night. I have finally finished my homework. （ d） I studied English when I was a small child. I have studied English since I was a child. （ e） I went to church yesterday. I have never been to church. 以下的句子是错的，请特别注意： ＊（ 1） I have seen the movie last year. ＊（ 2） I have never been to America last year. ＊（ 3） He has never finished his work last night. 现在完成式常和 since、 for、 already、 never、 ever 等字一起使用，以下都是这类的例子： （ 1） I have already had dinner. （ 2） Since this summer began, we have already had two storms. （ 3） It has not rained for a long time. （ 4） I have never talked to this man before. （ 5） I have never met your father. 11 （ 6） Have you ever been to America? （ 7） He has already won three awards. （ 8） I have stayed here since June. Never 和 ever 也常是我们弄不清楚如何使用的字，一般说来， never 有否定的意思， ever 则只有在问句中才会出现。 【练习十一】 将以下句子译成 英文，全部用现在完成式： 1980 年，我就每天早上游泳。 ，他就是一个基督徒（ Christian）。 ，他都没有回。 1975 年以来，他一直是一位老师。 （ Gone with the Wind）。 【练习十二】 将以下句子译成英文，有的用过去式，有的用现在完成式 〝乱世佳人〞（ Gone with the Wind）。 〝乱世佳人〞。 ，我住在美国。 1985 年，我就一直住在美国。 ，我见到了你的父亲。 【练习十三】 填充 1. I （ bee） a Christian when I was a child. 2. I （ be） a Christian all my life. 3. He （ live） here since 1939. 4. Stop eating now. You （ eat） too much. 5. It （ rain） last night. 6. John is a writer. He （ written） thirteen novels. 7. Last night, I （ see） your father for the first time in my life. 8. I （ talk） to my father last night. 9. Since 1961, I （ be） a teacher. Before that, I （ be） a student. 10. I （ read） many novels written by Charles Dickens. 4167。 2 现在完成进行式（ Present Perfect Progressive Tense） 在上一节，我们知道，如果有一个行动，从过去发生后，就一直延续到现在，我。