城市环境土壤污染的原因外文翻译-环境工程(编辑修改稿)

城市环境土壤污染的原因外文翻译-环境工程(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

tween the areas are enormous. For instance, the emission of suspended particulate matter ranged between 360 and 500 μg m−3 in industrial catchments of several Indian cities, whilst in residential and rural areas the values varied from 140 to 200 μg m−3 only. In relation to the respirable particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm, the results were 120–150 μg m−3 for industrial areas and 60–100 μg m−3 for residential and rural areas (CPCB 2020). If some industrial plexes with very high emissions such as heavy metal works are present, the soil contamination is going to reach extremely high values. As seen in Fig. and b, the nonferrous metallurgy plot in Pirdop (Bulgaria) with a population of 8,000 influenced the soil properties not only in the immediate proximity of the industrial plot. Apart from lead, the elements Cu and Zn revealed the same tendencies of decreasing values with increasing soil depth and with increasing distance from the source. Moreover, it is obvious that there is a dependence on the wind direction, since the concentrations may be enhanced predominantly in the main wind direction. Very high concentrations of heavy metals accumulated especially in the upper portion of the humic topsoils (Penin and Tschernev 1997). The tendencies described associated with the heavy metal gradients are basically applicable to organic pollutants as well. Near the town of Strazske (Slovakia) with 5,000 inhabitants which is dominated by a chemical factory that produced technical Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) mixtures between 1959 and 1984, samples were taken on an adjacent mountain slope influenced by the intensive dust emission and nearby deposition. As shown in Table , the accumulation of PCB (and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in the organic layer exceeded the resul ts from the mineral subsoil (depth gradient) and higher values tended to be found at the lower position of the neighbouring slope in direct contact with the emission source than at the central and upper position. In contrast to the heavy metals, the distance gradient seemed obviously to be less significant (Wilcke et al. 2020). Industrial and mining processes influence increasingly the inventory of contaminants in the upper parts of the soils in the course of time. Trace elements usually in the earth’s crust in very small quantities reach high concentrations that would never have been found in the absence of industrial development. For instance, in Wyoming and Idaho, USA, dustinducing surface mining of coal and phosphorus led to an increase of selenium in the environment due to the exposure of Se containing overburden (Pierzynski et al. 2020). If soils of an urban environment are pared with heavy metal mining soils, an appreciable difference can be noticed. Thor。