土木毕业设计外文翻译--钢筋混凝土结构设计(编辑修改稿)

土木毕业设计外文翻译--钢筋混凝土结构设计(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

Reinforced Concrete, the Austrian Concrete Committee, the American Concrete Institute, and the British Concrete Institute were established. Various structural elements, such as beams, slabs, columns, frames, arches, footings, etc. were developed using this material. However, the strength of concrete and that of reinforcing bars were still very low. The mon strength of concrete at the beginning of 20th century was about 15MPa in pression, and the tensile strength of steel bars was about 200MPa. The elements were designed along the allowable stresses which was an extension of the principles in strength of materials. By the late twenties, reinforced concrete entered a new stage of development. Many buildings, bridges, liquid containers, thin shells and prefabricated members of reinforced concrete were concrete were constructed by 1920. The era of linear and circular prestressing began.. Reinforced concrete, because of its low cost and easy availability, has bee the staple material of construction all over the world. Up to now, the quality of concrete has been greatly improved and the range of its utility has been expanded. The design approach has also been innovative to giving the new role for reinforced concrete is to play in the world of construction. The concrete monly used today has a pressive strength of 20~40MPa. For concrete used in prestressed concrete the pressive strength may be as high as 60~80MPa. The reinforcing bars monly used today has a tensile strength of 400MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength of prestressing wire may reach 1570~1860Pa. The development of high strength concrete makes it possible for reinforced concrete to be used in highrise buildings, offshore structures, pressure vessels, etc. In order to reduce the dead weight of concrete structures, various kinds of light concrete have been developed with a density of 1400~1800kg/m3. With a pressive strength of 50MPa, light weight concrete may be used in load bearing structures. One of the best examples is the gymnasium of the University of Illinois which has a span of 122m and is constructed of concrete with a density of 1700kg/m3. Another example is the two 20story apartment houses at the XiBianMen in Beijing. The walls of these two buildings are light weight concrete with a density of 1800kg/m3. The tallest reinforced concrete building in the world today is the 76story Water Tower Building in Chicago with a height of 262m. The tallest reinforced concrete building in China today is the 63story International Trade Center in GuangZhou with a height a height of 200m. The tallest reinforced concrete construction in the world is the 549m high International Television Tower in Toronto, Canada. He prestressed concrete Tsection simply supported beam bridge over the Yellow River in Luoyang has 67 spans and the standard span length is 50m. In the design of reinforced concrete structures, limit state design concept has replaced the old allowable stresses principle. Reliability analysis based on the probability theory has very recently been introduced putting the limit state design on a sound theoretical foundation. Elasticplastic analysis of continuous beams is established and is accepted in most of the design codes. Finite element analysis is extensively used in the design of reinforced concrete structure。