土木工程英文翻译-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)

土木工程英文翻译-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

ms transferred from other large equipment reserve, even bought some of the projects do not require the equipment, resulting in longterm suspension equipment. , Construction ⑺ unreasonable arrangements. During the construction process, the project was not in a reasonable allocation of manpower, materials, equipment time and other resources. lead to a waste of sabotage work,resulting vedone and soon. ⑻ more accidents. the loss of the item, Most of the projects have occurred in the Department of varying degrees of security incidents and minor injuries affected employees work injuries have affected staff work, Also the cost of medical expenses, but can also enable the staff of physical and skills decline, reduced labor and labor efficiency。 fatal accidents resulting in huge pension costs to be incurred, directly increasing costs, and may also affect sentiment reduce production efficiency. ⑼ overhead control ineffective. the loss of the item, almost all of this problem. The largest of these is the administrative expenses, travel, transport costs and operational Hospitality. ⑽ chaotic financial management. shown in the following ways : First, no plete financial management system。 Second, currency and capital management。 Third debts inaccurate confirmation, settlement is not timely。 Fourth, ine, the calculation of the costs of inaccurate, the cost is not real, and losses are not allowed。 Final is a poor basis of accounting, accounts were inconsistent. The existence of these problems will inevitably affect the accuracy of cost information. then caused the loss of the project. ⑾ contract management confusion. the loss of the item, Most of the projects the Ministry failed contract management awareness, knowledge of the contract, and have little do not understand the basic elements of the contract, contract management led to confusion, enterprises suffered huge economic losses. 2. the influence of objective factors of the project is to increase the total cost of a connection socalled objective factors, Project Department is unable to control its own 第 7 页 共 33 页 and must take place or because there are things or phenomena. These factors for the emergence of the cost incurred, Project Department is not the objective to control costs. They are : ⑴ costs. Some enterprises in order to gain access to a particular market in the qualifications, thereby meeting the quality of construction projects built on the premise that right to take the tender bid price is lower than the cost of bidding strategy for the final bidding process, in the operating strategy is bound to happen, but projects are concerned, no matter what steps are taken it will be difficult to make these projects profitable. ⑵ geological changes. the geological conditions are inconsistent with the design, Projects will be forced to change the construction method, thus affecting the construction period, so that the total project costs. the same time will also cost breakdown of a larger change. ⑶ climate change. Winter, Construction of the rainy season and the number of days of sandstorms construction increase, the Ministry will allow the project to increase various fees. ⑷ design changes. various engineering design changes so that the project will cost changes affect the total project cost. ⑸ enterprises raise requirements. In order to achieve a certain goal, Enterprises sometimes requires projects in the Ministry of Construction Organization war or to achieve a certain quality standards, However, as the Department of projects in the process of implementing arrangements or less thorough understanding of the deviation, in the majority of cases formed a human fight, fight equipment, fight funds or improving quality standards. ⑹ construction design less reasonable. As a construction site with the actual difference individual projects in construction design at the time of the existence of irrational phenomena. They all can make the cost increase. 第 8 页 共 33 页 ⑺ sabotage work of the project. As work on the link between tasks or for other reasons, Projects have some sabotage work, in this period sabotage work needed to meet various costs. containment measures for the loss of the project, Projects should control the cost of the project is able to cost control measures were taken. for a project to control the cost of the project by the Ministry of control。 and the project beyond the control of the costs or losses, by the enterprises should take measures to control it. 1. The cost control measures to the ministry of constraction of the project the socalled cost control measures to the Ministry of Construction of the project. refer to enterprises directly organized by the staff and farmers contract workers, temporary workers and the labor force posed of the internal construction team, mixed construction team and construction services subteams posed of Construction Projects. ⑴ determine the total project cost targets and the profit and loss targets. Every one of the successful projects, in a formal preconstruction, identify the project and subproject for the labor dates, materials, equipment and identify. On this basis, The project will determine the profit or loss targets. ⑵ implemented material bidding procurement. Projects must thoroughly change the past, piecemeal purchase goods, the enterprises of all projects, on all the tender for the procurement, Obviously choice of material suppliers. Meanwhile, we should fully consider the time value of money. choose a suitable form of payment. ⑶ controllable ac。