土木工程专业毕业设计外文文献翻译2篇-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)

土木工程专业毕业设计外文文献翻译2篇-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

rgy technology, and design theory of progress are provided for the Civil Engineering Materials and technical assurance. Thus this period has been rapid development of civil engineering. Emerged around the world at largescale modernization of industrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, largespan bridges, largediameter pipelines, long tunnels, the Grand Canal, big dams, big airports, major seaports and marine engineering and so on. Modern civil society continue to create for mankind a new physical environment, human society and modern civilization has bee an important part. Practical Civil Engineering is a highly practical subject. In the early days, through the Engineering Practice of Civil Engineering, sum up successful experiences, especially the lessons learn from the failure of developed. From the beginning the 17th century to Galileo and Newton as the forerunner of modern mechanical and civil engineering practice, and has gradually formed material mechanics, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, and rock mechanics, as the basic theory of civil engineering disciplines. This Civil Engineering from the experience gradually developed into a science. Civil Engineering at the development process, engineering practice and experience often first in theory, works often show that the accident was unable to foresee that the new factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far, many works deal with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience. The reason why the development of civil engineering technology major with engineering practice rather than by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, there are two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too plicated, it is difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and theoretical analysis. For example, groundbased foundation, tunnels and underground engineering stress and deformation state and its changes over time is still necessary to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. The second is only for new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a highrise building, highrise tower mast and large crossbridges, the wind resistance and seismic engineering highlighted the problem in order to develop this new theory and technology. Technically, economically as well as building up the unity of the arts people seek the most economical to build an engineering facility is scheduled to meet the needs of 7 users, including the aesthetic requirements. While a project is economic and technical activities are closely related. Project39。 s economic performance at the outset of the project site, on the overall planning, followed by performance at the design and construction technical. The total investment for project construction, the project is pleted after the period of economic efficiency and the use of the maintenance costs are measured works of an important aspect of the economy. Close contact tha t these technical issues, be considered. Meet the functional requirements of civil engineering facilities as a space for art, first and foremost through the overall layout of the body itself, the various parts of the size of the ratio of lines, colors, light and shade and the shadow of the surrounding environment, including its coordination with the natural harmony manifested。 followed by the adoption of the Additional engineering facilities in the local decorative reflected. Engineering facilities and decorative shapes can also show places style, ethnic style and time style? Civil Engineering at the longterm practice, people not only to the building housing the arts to give considerable attention, and achieved outstanding success。 but also for other engineering facilities, but also through the choice of different building materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with the natural environment built on very much in the art is beautiful, functional works also very good. Ancient China the Great Wall, much of the modern world on TV and oblique Zhang bridges, are examples in this regard. Civil Engineering is the construction of various projects and facilities, collectively referred to science and technology. It refers to the applic。