土木外文文献与翻译--新奥法(natm)隧道设计-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)

土木外文文献与翻译--新奥法(natm)隧道设计-建筑结构(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

requires the construction units should have a strong excavation, transport and slag out and 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文） 外文文献及译文 6 support capability, Maojingba VI : Class V rock used in the fullface excavation to achieve the desired results. Fullface excavation face, drilling and blasting construction more efficient use of deep focus to accelerate the excavation blasting speed, and the rock blasting vibration frequency less conducive to a stable transfer rocks. The drawback is every deep hole blasting vibration larger. Therefore require careful drilling and blasting design and strict control of blasting operations. Fullface excavation method is the main process : the use of mobile carts (or platforms), the first fullface a bored, and installed a line, and then drilling platform car outside 50m back to a safe place and then detonate, Blasting to make a shape out after drilling Jardine car again moved to the excavation face in place, began a cycle of drilling and blasting operations, Anchor sprayed simultaneously supporting or after the first arch wall lining. (2) step method. Step method of design is generally divided into sections on the halfsection and the lower half section two excavation molding. Excavation order is its first half excavation arch bolt jet concrete bracing, arch lining, the central part of the second half of excavation, sidewall of excavation, concrete wall jet bolt support and lining. The more applicable to the II, III and soft joint development of the surrounding rock, which were used Tim change program. Longstep method : The next stage distance away, on the general level above 50m ahead, Construction can be assigned to the Department of next larger machine with parallel operations, when mechanical deficiencies can be used interchangeably. When the case of a short tunnel, the upper section will be all dug later, and then dug under the section, the construction of which less interference, single process can work. Short step method : on the stage length 550m apply to Ⅱ , Ⅲ rock can be shortened Invert closing time, Supporting improve early stress conditions, but larger construction interference, in the event of Soft Rock need to consider carefully, Auxiliary shall be applied measures to stabilize the excavation excavation face, in order to ensure the safety of construction. Ultrashort step method : The only step ahead 35m, section closed faster. The method used for the high level of mechanization of various rock section, in the event of the siege soft 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文） 外文文献及译文 7 rock when required careful consideration. Auxiliary shall be applied measures to stabilize the construction excavation face to ensure the safety of construction. Excavation level of character is the first step to using light excavation drilling machine drill a hole, rather than through large drilling platform car. Two step method of excavation operations with sufficient space and a faster rate of construction. Level is conducive to the stability of excavation face. Especially Excavation in the upper, lower operational safety. Three step method of excavation is the next shortings of operations interfere with each other. It should be noted at the bottom of the upper operational stability, level of excavation will increase the number of country rock. (3) Segment excavation method. Excavation Law Division can be divided into five changes in the program : Excavation Division level, from top to bottom hole lead, heading advance on the excavation, single (double) and lateral pit method. Excavation will be conducted Section Division excavation by the Ministry of shape, and to advance some of excavation, it may be called derivative ahead excavation pit method. Law Division level : general application or soil collapse easily lots of soft rock, with its advantages stage method, height can be lengthened, the twolane tunnel for a holefold, cycling Road Tunnel hole 2 times。 rather than single (double) PENDANTS Heading a high degree of mechanization, can accelerate the progress of the projects. The next heading advance excavation method (that is guided pit wall first arch) : This Act applies to Ⅱ , Ⅲ rock. in the soft ground tunneling, to be adopted next general guide advance excavation pit wall first arch Act. Its advantages are : Heading advance excavation, the use of proven geological conditions in advance to facilitate change in the method. Face to facilitate started procedures applicable to the labor arrangements for the use of small machinery and construction. The drawbacks : The next section will guide small, slow construction and construction processes more, construction and management difficult. Unilateralarm pit Law : rock instability, the tunnel span larger, ground subsidence is difficult to control when using this method. Its characteristics are : a positive step and arms Heading Act advantages. Bilateral arm Heading law : in largespan shallow tunnels, surface subsidence require strict, especially poor rock used. Advantages of this method are : Construction of safe, reliable, but slow construction, high cost. 河南理工大学本科毕业设计（论文） 外文文献及译文 8 main tunnel construction technology 1. Cave construction （ 1） excavation slope around Lofting total station measurements, the use of excavators from top to bottom, paragraph by paragraph excavation, not the amount of excavation or the end of next overlapping excavation, remove pits with the above may slump topsoil, shrubs and rock slopes, rock strata of slope excavation needs blasting, Discussion should focus mainly loose blasting. Also partial artificial finishing, when excavation and inspection slope of slope, if sliding and cracking phenomenon and slowing down due slope。