企业管理外文翻译(编辑修改稿)

企业管理外文翻译(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

natural corollary of authority is responsibility. Responsibility is the reward or the reward or the penalty that es with the authority. In establishing an organizational structure for a project, managers. Being held responsible for work that one does not have the authority to acplish is a real demotivator. Every employee should have only one direct supervisor. Multiple bosses wreak havoc on an organization as workers bee confused about who thet “true” boss is. This situation undermines the authority of the real boss (if there is one) and creates confusion and animosity throughout the organization. Organizations need to be careful to establish clear lines of authority at all times. Decision Making Organizations should also strive for the proper balance between centralized and decentralized operations. Small firms are naturally centralized because all decisions e from the president, but as firms grow all decisions can no longer effectively be made at the top. Some decisions need to be shifted elsewhere in the organization. Which decisions get shifted and to whom is a critical management issue. Firms that tend toward decentralization shift more decisions to the field, whereas centralized firms retain the bulk of the decisionmaking power at the home office. Each strategy has its advantages. Decentralized firms tend to be more nimble because decisions can be made faster and control systems can be set up that are particular to the project. These firms have a flatter organizational structure and are less bureaucratic. “Takecharge” managers relish this type of structure because they bee their own boss and do things their own way. Centralized firms allow the support activities that are mon to every project to be standardized. This creates an increased economy of scale and allows people with specialized skills to be brought into the organization. Centralized organizations tend to run projects in a more methodical and consistent manner because more decisions are elevated to the same people. People to get good at what they do when they repeatedly do the same thing. The ultimate goal of every organization is to fully utilize the skills and creativity of its people. Organizations should not get locked into either one philosophy or the other,but should continue to evaluate their people and establish the appropriate system of control to support their leadership style. If a manager possesses the intelligence and experience to manage a wide range of activities and consistently make good decisions, then the decision may be to move that manager into a more decentralized situation. Conversely, if the field manager values and seeks the opinions and experience of the home office, then that manager may need a more centralized structure, Likewise, if the organization possesses a particularly talented estimating, scheduling, or software team, then these skills should be used for each project. Talented people are one of the most valuable resources that a pany possesses and utilizing。