improvementsandintegrationofapublictransportsystemthecaseofsingapore-外文文献(编辑修改稿)

improvementsandintegrationofapublictransportsystemthecaseofsingapore-外文文献(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

eserved bus lanes, introduced in 1974 to accord priority to public buses. This has improved bus travelspeeds and enables buses to adhere better to schedules (Chin et al, 1988). The“B” signal is displayed before the greenlight es on for other vehicles,allowing the buses to move ahead firstwithout the hindrance of other vehicles.To facilitate the movement of publicbuses on the roads, a “Please GiveWay” sign is fixed at the rear of thesebuses.Bus services In addition to the normalbus services, over the years, many special services have been introduced tomeet the changing needs of muters.Viewpoint: Muhammad Faishal IbrahimL50539 Express bus/rapid bus services.Express bus services have beenintroduced from the housing estatesto the Central Business District togive the muters a faster andmore direct service. It has less stopsand travels via the expressways forfaster long distance travel, makingthe bus a more attractive mode.L50539 Intra town services. In the past, residents who needed to go to anotherneighbourhood in the same townmay have been required to take afeeder bus to the bus interchange totransfer to another feeder bus to theneighbourhood. Intratown servicesavoid this, cost less than the totalcost of taking two feeder buses andbrings the resident directly to thedesired neighbourhood.L50539 Night bus services. These servicesoperate on Fridays, Saturdays andeve of Public Holidays from midnight to 4 am, plying from citycenter to the various housingestates. The fare is a flat rate of$ for farecard users and $3 forthose paying by cash. These busesprovide an affordable option fortravelling between the city andmajor housing estates around theisland after midnight, when thebasic scheduled bus services, MRTand LRT services have stopped forthe night. In October 2020, TIBSbroke new grounds by introducingmapbased routes online with its iBMAPS for its NightRider Services.The iBMAPS show detailed routesof all its Night Rider services andlandmarks which the buses pass.L50539 Supplementary bus services. Supplementary bus services, such as theCity Shuttle Service (CSS) andScheme “B” buses, serve highdemand corridors during peak periods. They supplement the scheduled bus services by increasing thecarrying capacity of the bus work. Singapore Shuttle Bus (Pte)Ltd (SSB), a fully owned subsidiaryof TIBS, operates the five CSS busservices that ply between the housing estates and the Central BusinessDistrict. Scheme “B” bus servicesare operated by the registeredowners of private hire buses andschool buses. They are required tooperate each bus route for at least210 days a year.208L50539 Premier bus services. Premier busservices are exclusive and upmarkettransport services that fill the gapbetween the basic scheduled busservices/MRT/LRT, and taxis andprivate cars. They charge premiumfares and operate only on weekdaysduring peak periods, ferrying muters between private residentialareas, MRT stations and CentralBusiness District. BusPlus ServicesPte Ltd, CityCab Pte Ltd and General Cars Rental Pte Ltd offer premier bus services.L50539 Niche public bus services. BusPlusService, City Link Direct and General Cars are three main operatorsthat provide niche public bus services in Singapore. They provideexclusive transport alternative formuters who prefer a morefortable and luxurious level ofservice. They operate routesbetween residential estates and theCentral Business District during themorning and evening peak hours, aswell as chartered services.EZlink card The Enhanced IntegratedFare System, a new fare collection system using contactless Smart Cards wasintroduced in early 2020 to replace theTransit Link Fare Card system previously used on the MRT, Bukit Panjang LRT and the buses. Unlike themagic farecards, which must beinserted into the ticket bezel of MRTand LRT faregates or bus readers, thenew contactless Smart Card can simplybe held next to a card reader for thecorrect fare amount to be deducted. Itwill be able to plete a typical transaction much faster than the currentfarecard. The project will bring thepublic transport system into the forefront of integrated fare system technology, and provide muters with aneven better level of service.New generation bus shelters and linkways Most of the bus shelters havebeen upgraded to incorporate betterseating facilities, telephones, fans,light, bus arrival information panels,farecard validators, drinking fountains,“stoppress” kiosks and vendingmachines. In addition, these bus shelters are also connected to the housingestates or schools through a coveredlinkway to protect the muters fromthe weather.Improved bus designs and features Over the years, many improvements have been made to enhance thesafety, fort and increase thecapacity of the bus. These include:L50539 Infrared photosensors. Installed atthe exit door on the inside of thebus, these sensors enable accuratesensing of objects and better coverage of alighting passengers. Thedoors of the bus will not close if thesensors detect an object at the door.In addition, a weather resistant photosensor is fitted on the exterior ofthe bus above the center of the exitdoor arch. This sensor ensures thatdoors do not close on alighting passengers.L50539 Door StayClose system and DoorClosing Signal. The Door StayClose system prevents the door fromopening once the bus is travelling ata speed of more than 5 km/h. On theother hand, the Door Closing Signalis activated when the doors are closing to warn the passengers.L50539 Accelerator Interlock and Tachograph. The Accelerator Interlocklocks the throttle when the busdoors are not fully closed. The buscaptain cannot mov。