og13rc考试复习资料(编辑修改稿)

og13rc考试复习资料(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

est moons and the planets of the solar system5 When Jamaicanborn social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey39。 s message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American munities. Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture39。 s expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills long standing expectations.Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American munity. Garvey did not create this consciousness。 rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.Questions 1417 refer to the passage above.14. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey39。 s success?(A) He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American munity.(B) He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos.(C) His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message.(D) His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War.(E) He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States.15. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?(A) They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces.(B) They questioned United States involvement in the First World War.(C) They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military.(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.(E) They repudiated Garvey39。 s message of pride and unity.16. Itcan be inferred from the passage that the scholars mentioned in line 24 believe which of the following to be true?(A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.(B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.(C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American munity provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey39。 s political appeal.(D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American munity.(E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.17. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American munities.(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment.(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States.(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey39。 s political vision.Line 6 In terrestrial environments, gravity placesspecial demands on the cardiovascular systems ofanimals. Gravitational pressure can cause blood topool in the lower regions of the body, making it(5) difficult to circulate blood to critical organs such asthe brain. Terrestrial snakes, in particular, exhibitadaptations that aid in circulating blood against theforce of gravity.The problem confronting terrestrial snakes is best(10) illustrated by what happens to sea snakes whenremoved from their supportive medium. Because thevertical pressure gradients within the blood vesselsare counteracted by similar pressure gradients in thesurrounding water, the distribution of blood(15) throughout the body of sea snakes remains aboutthe same regardless of their orientation in space,provided they remain in the ocean. When removedfrom the water and tilted at various angles with thehead up, however, blood pressure at their midpoint(20) drops significantly, and at brain level falls to zero.That many terrestrial snakes in similar spatialorientations do not experience this kind of circulatoryfailure suggests that certain adaptations enable themto regulate blood pressure more effectively in those(25) orientations.One such adaptation is the closer proximity of theterrestrial snake39。 s heart to its head, which helps toensure circulation to the brain, regardless of thesnake39。 s orientation in space. The heart of sea snakes(30) can be located near the middle of the body, aposition that minimizes the work entailed incirculating blood to both extremities. In arborealsnakes, however, which dwell in trees and oftenassume a vertical posture, t。