motivationandhistory(编辑修改稿)

motivationandhistory(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

alternative Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Beowulf Concept  NASA (Sterling and Becker)  Commodity processors  Commodity interconnect  Linux operating system  Message Passing Interface (MPI) library  High performance/$ for certain applications Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative  . nuclear policy changes Moratorium on testing Production of new weapons halted  Numerical simulations needed to maintain existing stockpile  Five superputers costing up to $100 million each Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ASCI White (10 teraops/sec) Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Seeking Concurrency  Data dependence graphs  Data parallelism  Functional parallelism  Pipelining Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Data Dependence Graph  Directed graph  Vertices = tasks  Edges = dependences Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Data Parallelism  Independent tasks apply same operation to different elements of a data set  Okay to perform operations concurrently for i  0 to 99 do a[i]  b[i] + c[i] endfor Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Functional Parallelism  Independent tasks apply different operations to different data elements  First and second statements  Third and fourth statements a  2 b  3 m  (a + b) / 2 s  (a2 + b2) / 2 v  s m2 Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pipelining  Divide a process into stages  Produce several items simultaneously Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Partial Sums Pipeline a [ 0 ]= + + +a [ 1 ] a [ 2 ] a [ 3 ]p [ 0 ] p [ 1 ] p [ 2 ]p [ 0 ] p [ 1 ] p [ 2 ] p [ 3 ]Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Data Clustering  Data mining = looking for meaningful patterns in large data sets  Data clustering = anizing a data set into clusters of “similar” items  Data clustering can speed retrieval of related items Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Document Vectors Moon Rocket Alice in Wonderland A Biography of Jules Verne The Geology of。