20xx英语理工a级培训资料(编辑修改稿)

20xx英语理工a级培训资料(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

es， A on the downwind side B during rush hours C in spring and autumn D to toxic air E between autumn and winter F as exposure to nuclear radiation strengths， and true character we categorize them as jocks， geeks， or freaks. 5 However， if we resist initial stereotypical impressions， we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person， hear about his or her life， hopes， dreams， and bee aware of the person39。 s character， we use a different， more mature style of thinking and the most plex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane. 练习 : 1. Paragraph 2_____ 2. Paragraph 3_____ 3. Paragraph 4_____ 4. Paragraph 5_____ A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B Comment on First Impression C Illustration Of First Impression D Comparing Ining Sensory Information Against Memories E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F Differences Among Jocks， Geeks and Freaks 5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____. 6. You interpret _____ by paring it against the memories already stored in your brain. 7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking， which is similar to_____. 8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____. A a stranger39。 s less mature type of thinking B the most plex areas of our cortex C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the meaning of ining sensory information E the sights and sounds of the world F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 答案与题解 : 1. D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。 2. C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。 3. B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟， simplistic and categorical。 4. A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。 5. E 选 E 的依据在第二段的第三句。 6. D 选 D 的依据在第二段的最后两句。 sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory ans (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等 )。 7. C 选 C 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是 :When we stereotype people， we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. 8. B 选 B 的依据在第五段第二句。 第二篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language 1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had bee known in the scientific munity1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2 . She was said to be the first nonhuman to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language. 2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969， the Gardners described Washoe39。 s progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example， Washoe made signs to municate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like， Who is ing to play? Once5 the news about Washoe spread， many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3 However， critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory， and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe39。 s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7 . He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg， Washington. There， Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees， which are still alive. 4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today， there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5 Debate continues about chimps39。 understanding of human munication. Yet， one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 练习 : 1. Paragraph 1_____ 2. Paragraph 2_____ 3. Paragraph 3_____ 4. Paragraph 4_____ A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowdays B Report about Washoe39。 .s Progress in Learning Sign Language C Genera1 Information about Washoe D The Gardeners39。 Contributions Recognized E Debate on Chimps39。 Intelligence F Washoe39。 s Love for Three Young Chimps 5. Washoe could make signs to municate_____. 6. Some scientists doubted_____. 7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_____. 8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_____. A if the Gardeners39。 argument was sound B because she was cleverer than other chimps C when she wanted to eat D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F while Washoe was learning sign language 答案与题解 : 1. C 第一段主要介绍黑猩猩 Washoe 的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。 用 General Information about Washoe 来概括是很准确的。 2. B 第二段的关键句是 : In 1969 ， the Gardners described Washoe39。 s progress in a scientific report。 随后的句子简略介绍了 Washoe 的学习情况和结果，如已学会 250 个单词，并能用手语表达 该吃饭了 等概念。 所 以， Report about Washoe39。 s progress in learning sign language (选项 B) 是答案。 3. E 第三段介绍了对 Gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。 一派认为 Washoe 的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。 另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是 Washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。 争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。 选项 E 用 debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。 4. A 第四段解释了为 什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。 部分原因是研究周期太长。 5. C 选 C 的依据是第二段第四句 : Washoe made signs to municate when it was。