自考英语二考试讲义(编辑修改稿)

自考英语二考试讲义(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

unction but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. For example， the marketing manager may argue effectively for an increased advertising budget. In the larger scheme of things， however， increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the anization. anizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the anization seeks to reach. 一个省略 that 或 which 的定语从句，修饰 a state of affairs “事物的状态，事态 ” to seek to do sth. 追求，争取，寻求，设法（去做某事） individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals， the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. 本句中， because 引导了原因状语从句；在主句中， who makes the decision 是作 depend on 的介词宾语从句。 ， departments or units within an anization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger anization. 两个 that 引导的都是定语从句，修饰 decisions less than 在此做状语，表示否定的含义， less than optimal “不太理想 ” 例如： This job is less than perfect. 这份工作不十分理想（完美）。 is a tradeoff that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. that 引导定语从句，修饰 tradeoff “权衡 ” increases 和 decreases 是定语从 句的并列谓语 These tradeoffs occur because there are many objectives that anizations wish to attain simultaneously. Some of these objectives are more important than others， but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. Different managers define the same problem in differentterms. When presented with a mon case， sales managers tend to see sales problems， production managers see production problems， and so on. tradeoffs occur because there are many objectives that anizations wish to attain simultaneously. Because 引导的原因状语从句中，有一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 many objectives of these objectives are more important than others， but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. vary from … to … 表示各不相同的意思。 例： The percentage varies from person to person. （税收的） 比例因人而异。 presented with a mon case presented with 面对 过去分词短语前面加上 when 作时间状语。 为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时常在分词前面加上 when， while， even if ， even though ， unless 等连词作时间、条件、让步等状语。 （详见语法要点） The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based， in part， on the values of the decision maker. Such values are personal； they are hard to understand， even by the individual， because they are so dynamic and plex. In many business situations different people39。 s values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions. ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based， in part， on the values of the decision maker. be based on 基于，取决于 in part 部分地，在某种程度上 对于多项目标的排序和重要性，部分地基于决策者的价值观。 people39。 s values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions. 两个 about 都是介词短语作定语，修饰前边的名词 不同人关于风险和收益可接受程度的价值观，导致了对于决策正确性的不同意见。 People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. But from a systems point of view， problems have multiple causes， and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An anization is an ongoing entity， and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon assume vt. 认为，假定，设想 that 引导宾语从句 made today 过去分词短语作定语， “今天作出的决策 ” far into the future 形容词短语作定语， “对将来有深远的影响 ” the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. the skilled manager “一个干练的管理者，一个有经验的管理者 ” current a. 当前的，现时的 n. 流，水流，电流，气流 一个干练的管理者可以从当今决策看到未来的结果。 附：重点句 reason for making a decision is that a problem exists， goals or objectives are wrong， or something is standing in the way of acplishing them. 三个表语从句并列 （第一段） managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk acpanies decisions. 主从复合句（第二段） managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like. （第三段） example， managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion； （第四段） individuals （ and anizations） frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals， the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. 主从复合句（第六段） ， departments or units within an anization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger nization. （第六段） of these objectives are more important than others， but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. （第七段） presented with a mon case， sales managers tend to see sales problems， production managers see production problems， and so on. （第七段） Text B Secrets of Success at an Interview Words title 分析： Secrets：秘密 success n. 成功 succeed v. interview vt./n. 面谈，采访；面试，口试 criticism n. 批评；评论 candidate n. 候选人，候补者；应试者 vague a. 含糊的；不明确的 notion n. 概 念；想法，看法 prospect n. 展望，景象；前景，前程 munity n. 社区；共同体 unattractive a. 无吸引力的；不引人注意的 indifference n. 冷漠；不感兴趣 interviewer n. 接见者；面谈者 personality n. 个性；人格；品格 prospective a. 预期的；未来的 speechless a. 不会说话的；不说话的 clarification n. 澄清，阐明 correspondence n. 符合，一致；通信 photocopy vt./n. 复印，影印；照相复制本 resume n. 摘要，梗概；个人简历 inefficiency n. 无效；效能差 neat a. 整洁的；简洁的；整齐的 conservative a. 保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的 punk n. （俚）阿飞；朋克（ 70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派） miniskirt n. 超短裙 panel n. 专门小组 intimidate vt. 恐吓，恫吓 clutch vt./vi. 抓住，握紧 grip vt./n. 紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制 painful a. 痛苦的；费力的 rephrase vt. 重新措辞，改用别的。