托福考试备考资料：语法笔记(编辑修改稿)

托福考试备考资料：语法笔记(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

先行词。 A 出现两个谓语动词，错。 B， D 应该用被动。 参考译文：所有的铜管乐器都用一个放在长锥筒形管里的吹嘴。 4. By the midtwentieth century， United States presidential staffs， _________ had numbered fewer than ten a century earlier， numbered in the hundreds. A. as B. that they C. which D. and 答案： C 分析：非限制性定语从句，只有 which 能引导非限制性定语从句 参考译文：到 20 时间中期，美国的总统部官员达到了几百个，而在一个世纪前，还屈指可数呢。 5. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United States attended kindergarten， _________ in 1985 almost 82 percent did so. A. with B. which C. whether D. while 答案： D 分析：整个句子中出现了两个谓语，缺连接词。 参考译文：在 1966 年，所有 5 岁的小孩中只有 60%的参加了幼儿园，而到 1985，几乎有 82%的小孩上幼儿园了。 6. _________ industries， inventions， and munal endeavors of the Shakers， the best known is their fine furniture. A. Of the many B. Their many C. Are the many D. Many of the 答案： A 分析：倒装结构。 当 prep 短语位于句首，且谓语动词为系动词时，则引起倒装。 参考译文：在基督震荡教徒所参与很多工业、发明创造和社区建设中，最闻名的是他们做的优质家具了。 7. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine， but in mammals _________ only in the chest area. A. they are found B. finding them C. in which they are found D. are found 答案： A 分析：缺主语和谓语。 该句不是定语从句。 参考译文：大多数鱼类和很多爬行动物沿着大部分脊柱都长有肋骨，但哺乳动物的肋骨只长在胸部位置。 8. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada， _________ extended as far west as California. A. where it once B. once C. it once D. and once 答案： C 分析：缺主语。 A， D 中的 where， and 多余。 参考译文：尽管美国山毛榉树的生长地现在只限制在美东和加拿大东南部的狭窄地带，它曾经都延伸向西生长远到加 州的地方。 9. Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest. A. moisture to sustain sufficient B. sufficient moisture to sustain C. to sustain sufficient moisture D. sufficient to sustain moisture 答案： B 分析：缺宾语。 其中形容词修饰名词，不定式表 “目的 ”。 A， C， D 语序混乱。 参考译文：除了干旱和半干旱的西南地区，大部分北美地区通过吸收充足的潮湿而保持一些连续植被的形式。 (5) 1. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade. A. and to include B. which including C. included D. including 答案： D 分析：两个逗号之间是插入语，这里分词作状语，不能用谓语动词。 参考译文：包括大湖区和墨西哥峡谷的美国所有主要城市都是以贸易中心的模式发展起来的。 2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became _________ . A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony 答案： A 分析：缺宾语。 B 语序混乱。 C 中出现两个谓语动词，错。 D 中 became 仍然没有宾语， so that 多余，错。 参考译文：波士顿在 1963 年被 英国清教徒定址，并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。 3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a pass to determine _________ they are heading. A. the direction in which B. to where the direction C. that direction of which D. where the direction 答案： A 分析：空格前缺宾语，空格后是个完整的句 子，只有 B 能满足。 prep+which 作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。 参考译文：船和飞机的领航员通过指南针来确定他们航行的方向。 4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form. A. what B. in which C. in whose D. that 答案： B 分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，选项中优先选择 prep++which 作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。 参考译文：冷凝器是一种热交换器，蒸气或水汽在里面失去热量，变回液体状态。 5. Published in 1957， John Cheever39。 s first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earned _________ the National Book Award. A. that he had B. him C. was his D. to him 答案： B 分析：双宾语结构： sth. Earn sb sth. 类似的还有 gain/win 参考译文： John Cheever 的第一部小说 The Wapshot Chronicle 于 1957 年，并为他赢得全国图书奖。 6. As seen from the Earth at night， _________ pla Jupiter ranks third among the plas and stars in maximum brightness， after Venus and Mars. A. when the B. in which the C. the D. and the 答案： C 分析：空格后句子完整，此处缺限定词。 参考译文：晚上从地球上看去，行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等级中排名第三，排在金星和火星的后面。 7. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays. A. Neon that B. When neon C. Neon D. There is neon 答案： C 分析：缺主语。 A 中 that 多余。 B 中 When 多余， D 中出现两个谓语动词。 参考译文：氖能在真空管里释放出深红色的光芒，并被广泛的在广告显像里应用。 8. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short， wet winters followed by long， dry summers. A. are trees and shrubs B. how trees and shrubs C. trees and shrubs have D. trees and shrubs 答案： D 分析： of 后接名词，首先排除 A 和 中有个动词 have， 后半句中有动词 follow， 两句之间没有连接词，一定错。 参考译文：丛林由树和灌木组成，短的、潮湿的冬天和随后的长的干燥的夏天阻碍了它们的生长。 9. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and rights of European powers in North and South America. A. when a statement B. as a statement C. a statement D. to a statement 答案： C 分析：缺宾语。 A， B， D 中的 when， as， to 多余。 参考译文： 1982 年的门罗主义是针对南北美欧洲集权的行为和权利的 美国政策的表述。 10. _________ to stand in a warm place， it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into acid. A. When milk is allowed B. When is milk allowed C. Milk， when allowed D. When milk allowed 答案： A 分析： B 不应该使用倒装。 C：如果是 插入语的话，后半句中不应该出现 it。 D 中由句意 allow 应该使用被动形式。 参考译文：当牛奶持续的放在温暖的地方，细菌的出现把牛奶的糖转化成酸，因此它就发酸了。 (6) 1. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits. A. The term “money supply” B. The term is “money supply” C. When the term “money supply” D. “Money supply” is the term 答案： A 分析：缺主语。 B， D 中出现两个谓语，一定错。 C 中 when 多余，使得句子不完整。 参考译文：术语货币储备是指流通货币加上银行存款。 2. The Franklin stove， invented around 1742， ________， originally with a partially open front， and was designed to fit into a fireplace. A. was made of cast iron B. cast iron was made of C. cast of iron was made D. was of iron made cast 答案： A 分析： invented around 1742 为插入语， 2 个 was 为并列谓语。 be made of 为固定搭配。 参考译文： Franklin 火炉发明于 1742 年，是用铁浇铸。