大学英语自考英语二考试讲义(编辑修改稿)

大学英语自考英语二考试讲义(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

的 We„ve had some difficulty raising finance for the project. 我们在为这个项目筹集资金的过程中遇到过一些困难。 If you do have financial difficulty， you can apply for a student loan. 如果你确实经济上有困难，可以申请学生贷款。 ： vt 欣赏，鉴赏，感激，感谢 派生词： appreciation n. 欣赏，鉴赏 用法： appreciate 后接动名词作宾语。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们将乐于再收到你的信。 You can„t appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm. 你不懂英文诗的韵律，就不能欣赏英文诗。 课文精讲 Controlling your concentration CONCENTARATION IS CENTERING YOUR ATTENTION Psychologically defined， concentration is the process of centering one„ s attention over a period of time. In practical application， however， concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.⑪ this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind. be helpful to …。 对 … 很有益； keep …。 in mind 把 … 记在心里； 译文：因此，记住下列几点是很有帮助的。 Your attention span varies Even with the greatest effort， our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. ⑫ Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity， fades to a point where it cannot be heard， and then increases again.⑬ This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates， for the intensity of the 10 ticking is actually constant. a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. 该句主句是祈使句 place a watch so that 引导目的状语从句 译文：在一个安静的房间里，放一块表，表的声音几乎刚刚能听见。 carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity， fades to a point where it cannot be heard， and then increases again. where it cannot be heard 是定语从句修饰 point 译文：注意听表的走动声，并且注意表 的嘀嗒声怎样明显增大，然后小到听不见，然后又变大。 You pay attention to one thing at a time Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time. It is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once.⑭ But apparently this is only an illusion. In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention is of short duration and relatively infrequent. is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once. so …that… 结果状语从句 全句意为：你的注意有可能转移得十分迅速，以至于好像你同时能够专心于几个想法。 An illustration of periods of high， moderate， and low attention High attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods. In low attention the periods of attending are short and the distraction periods long. In moderate attention there is a mixture of the extremes. Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture.⑮ Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture. see 之后是一个由 that引导的宾语从句，在 that 引导的宾语从句中 ， 含有一个 who 引导的定语从句 修饰 the student 译文：这样我们可以很容易地看到，如果一个学生的大部分注意力用于自由幻想，即使是讲课要点，他也不可能回想起来。 Lack of concentration is a symptom， not the cause， of difficulty. When a student says “I can„t concentrate”， what he is really saying is， “I can‟t attend to the task at hand because my distractors are too strong.” 11 DISTARCTORS ARE OF TWO SORTS PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL A distractor is anything which causes attention to vary from a central focal point. In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature. ⑯ Both types of distractors must be understood before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration. In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature. thought of as 把 … 看作，认为 … 译文：在学习的情况下，干扰物实际上可以被认为是心理的或者是物质的。 Emotions are the most powerful distractors The angry man fets the pain of injury， the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.⑰ In the student„s life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity. The fears about making the grade， the doubts of the friendliness of a friend‟s behaviour and the pressures of limited friendliness of a friend„s behaviour and the pressures of limited finances these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student. angry man fets the pain of injury， the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense of anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters. react … to 对 … 有反应 全句大意：愤怒的人会忘记伤痛，人害怕的时候很难享受快乐，人在紧张或焦虑的时候可能对非常小的事情做出强烈的反应。 Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person.⑱ Some person gain goal and direction from their tensions and actually do better because of them . Others fall apart under pressure ， while a few people do well despite the pressure. reaction varies greatly from person to person. vary … from …。 to … 全句大意：人与人的情绪反应差异很大。 Physical distractors are always present and rarely understood Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react than we often think.⑲ Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks.⑳ One research report has shown that prehension and retention of reading were decreased when students listened to lively music. However， rate of reading was not affected ， so that many students were not aware that they were affected by the background distractor. Another study found that the ability to recall accurately was affected by distracting conditions. Most of the evidence indicates that noise affects adversely hi。