20xx年考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(四)(编辑修改稿)

20xx年考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(四)(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

我们所忘掉的一点 我们经济所依赖的正是人们的遗忘 是：幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的欢乐而已。 能给人们带来最大欢乐的事物，常常伴随有未来潜在的巨大失落或失望感在里面。 如今，被唾手可得的幸福快乐承诺所包围的我们，需要有人来告诫我们（就像宗教曾经做的那样）。 （警示） 记住：你会死的，一切都会结束。 幸福快乐不在于要否认这一点而在于要能容忍这一点。 这是个比丁香烟叶还要苦的信息，但不知为何，却能给我们带来一股清新的气息。 ：。 ［ A］诗歌不像绘画和音乐那样能表达欢乐 ［ B］艺术是从人们的正面和负面情感中产生出来的 ［ C］如今的诗人对幸福快乐不那么怀疑了 ［ D］艺术家们已经改变了他们的兴趣点 bummer的意思是。 ［ A］宗教的 ［ B］令人不快的 ［ C］愉快的 ［ D］商业性的 ，广告。 ［ A］是随着反快乐艺术的觉醒而出现的 ［ B］是公众失望的原因 ［ C］取代教会成了一个信息的主要来源 ［ D］制造了某种虚幻的幸福而非真正的幸福 ，作者认为。 ［ A］幸福常常以悲剧结束 ［ B］反幸福快乐的艺术虽口味不好但却发人深醒 ［ C］悲惨应该被欣赏而不是被否认 ［ D］反幸福艺术随着经济的繁荣而繁荣 ，下面哪一条是对的。 ［ A］宗教曾经起着提醒人们苦难的作用 ［ B］艺术在期盼和现实之间提供了某种平衡 ［ C］人们对现代社会的现实感到了失望 ［ D］大众传媒倾向于报道灾害和死亡的消息 TEXT 1 Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Geia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a 最专业的学习资料下载网站 最专业的学习资料下载网站 lesser reward pletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by . ［ A］ posing a contrast ［ B］ justifying an assumption ［ C］ making a parison ［ D］ explaining a phenomenon 22. The statement it is all too monkey (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that . ［ A］ monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals ［ B］ resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature ［ C］ monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other ［ D］ no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are . ［ A］ more inclined to weigh what they get ［ B］ attentive to researchers instructions ［ C］ nice in both appearance and temperament ［ D］ more generous than their male panions 24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys . ［ A］ prefer grapes to cucumbers ［ B］ can be taught to exchange things ［ C］ will not be cooperative if feeling cheated ［ D］ are unhappy when separated from other 25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? ［ A］ Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. ［ B］ Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. ［ C］ Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. ［ D］ Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. ancestor1 ，祖先 appearance3 n.① 出现，出场，露面； ② 外表，外貌，外观 assumption3 n.① 假定，设想； ② 采取； ③ 承担 attention14 n.① 注意（力），留心； ② 立正 author69 n.① 作者； ② 创始人 candidate3 n.① 候选人，候补者； ② 报考者，应试者 capable3 a.① 有本领的，有能力的； ② （ of）可 以 ...的，能 ...的 chamber3 ，室 characteristic8 a.（ of）特有的，独特的； ，特性 cheat1 v.① 欺骗； ② 作弊； n.① 骗子； ② 欺诈，欺骗行为 colleague4 ，同僚 parison3 ，对比，比喻，比拟 contrast5 ，对照； ，对照，差异 cooperative2 ，协作的； counterpart2 （或物） creature2 ，动物，生物 cucumber4 emotion4 ，情感 eventually4 ，最后 evolve3 v.（使）发展，（使）进化 exchange8 v./n.① （ for）交换，调换，兑换； ② 交流，交易； ③ 交换台，交易所 female4 ，雌的 generous1 ，慷慨的 goods9 ，货物 grape4 imply12 ，含 ...意思，暗示 incline2 v.① （使）倾斜，（使）偏向； ② （使）倾向于； ，斜面 indignation1 ，愤慨 induce2 v.① 引诱，劝使； ② 引起，导致； ③ 感应 infer21 ，推断 jealous1 a.① （ of）妒忌的； ② 猜疑的，警惕的 justify8 ...是正当的，认为有理 luxury1 n.① 奢侈，华贵； ② 奢侈品； ，豪华的 male4 n./（的），雄性（的） mere7 a.① 纯粹的； ② 仅 仅，只不过 nature14 n.① 自然界，大自然； ② 性质，本性，天性 observe5 v.① 遵守，奉行； ② 观察，注意到，看到 opening3 n.① 口子，孔； ② 开始，开端； ③ 空缺，机会； ，开幕的 outrage1 ，侮辱，愤怒；。