99年真题解析(编辑修改稿)

99年真题解析(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

hlete’s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute— a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal munity has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. (379 words) 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. [B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. [D] Juries tended to find fault with the pensations panies promised. 52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________. [A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products [B] bee honest in describing the inadequacies of their products [C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability [D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern 53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________. [A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law [B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries [C] product labels would eventually be discarded [D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes 54. The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be ________. [A] biased [B] indifferent [C] puzzling [D] objective 一、文章结构与内容分析 文章叙述了人身伤害索赔的来由、发展和变化， 及索赔案所涉及的消费者、公司和法庭三方面的反应，着重指出法庭态度的转变，说明法律不像过去那样无原则地保护受害者。 第一段 由两个例子引出， 文章主要是围绕人身伤害索赔的法律问题展开，指出法律保护受伤害的顾客。 第二段 指出公司为了避免法律责任，撰写很长的标签，试图预料一切可能发生的事故。 第三段 指出即使公司贴警示标签也不能 保护 他们免受制裁 ——常常败诉。 第四段 指出现在情况发生了变化，一些法庭开始站到公 司一边，同时警示语 有望 开始真正起到保护消费者利益的作用。 本段使用了例证和引证说明。 二、试题具体分析 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? 20 世纪 80年代 ， 当发生事故时，情况会如何。 [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. [A]顾客通过诉讼可能会解除 灾难。 [B] Injured customers expect protection from the legal system. [B]受伤的顾客 要求 得到法律的保护。 [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. [C]公司将通过提供新的警示语避免被起诉。 [D] Juries tended to find fault with the pensations panies promised. [D]陪审团倾向于对公司所承诺的赔偿严加挑剔。 [答案 ] B 事实细节题 答对 率为 34% [解析 ] 根据 1980s 定位在第一段末句 Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ misfortunes。 when引导的 是 非限制性从句 ，指出 “当时陪审团开始认为更多的公司应对其客户所遭受的不幸负责” ；此外， the thinking指代的上句的内容 Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster, a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles， 意为“幸运的是， „„ ，如果 „„ ，你可以就自己所受的伤害诉诸法律，成功地获得赔偿。 ”所以 B选项与文意吻合，为正确答案。 C、 D 两项容易排除， C 选项 是第二段要讲的内容，是针对 20 世纪 80 年代发生事故时的情况，公司做出的应对， 与题意不符。 D 选项 是对 when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ misfortunes的 严重曲解。 A选项 为最大的干扰选项，是对 a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles 的曲解 ，并且根据常识可知，灾难已经发生了，顾客通过诉讼只能是得到保护和赔偿，不可能 解除 灾难。 [补充 ] relieve sb. of sth. 意为“免除或解除某人某事，使某人摆脱某事”。 52. Manufactures as mentioned in the passage tend to . 52. 文中提及生产厂商往往。 [A] satisfy customers by writing long warning on products [A]通过在产品上写长 的警示语使顾客满意 [B]bee honest in describing the inadequacies of their products [B]诚实描述自己产品 的 不足 [C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability [C]充分利用标签避免法律责任 [D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern [D]不得不视顾客的安全为自己的第一考虑 [答案 ] C 段落主旨题 答对率为 68% [解析 ] 第二段首句 Feeling threatened, panies responded by writing everlonger warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident 承接上文的“公司要为顾客的不幸负责”，为本段中心句， 意为“各公司由于感到了威胁 做出 反应：撰写比以前更长的警示标签，企图预料各种可能发生的事故”， 所以 生产商利用警示语或标签的真正意图是“避免可能要承担的法律责任” ， C 选项符合此意，为正确答案。 其他三个选项的内容不是厂家写警告标签的真正目的，与文 意不符，容易排除。 53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that .。 [A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law [A]某些伤害索赔不再 得到 法律的 支持 [B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries [B]头盔不是被设计用来防止伤害的 [C] product labels would eventually be discarded [C]产品标签最终将被淘汰 [D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes [D]运 动员可能不再热衷于某些体育 项目 [答案 ] A文章主旨题 答对率为 69% [解析 ] 根据 题目中的 Schutt定位在第四段，段落首句 Now the tides appears to be 出了 本段中心，也即文章中心。 “ 这种潮流似乎正发生转变。 尽管个人伤害索赔案件如以往一样不断发生，但有些法庭已开始站到 被告一方，特别是在处理那些有警告标签也可能无法避免伤害的案件时。 ”引用 Schut helmet 的 例子 就 是为了说明这个中心论点。 A选项是对本段主题的概括，为正确答案。 B 选项只是例子的 中的细节，不 是案例要说明的问题。 C 项也不是主题概括，且不符合常识，是对文中 At the same time, the American Law Institute issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible。 D 选项 在描述细节，且 文中未提及。 从选 项看， A 项含有正确解的特征： 最能反映文章中心思想的是解； 含有 some， 不肯定的是解 ； 概括的可以统领全部文意的是解。 54. The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be .。 [A] biased [A]有偏见的 [B] indifferent [B]冷漠的 [C] puzzling [C]迷惑不解的 [D] objective [D]客观的 [答案 ] D 作者 态度题 答对率为 72% [分析 ] 通读全文， 作者客观 叙述了人身伤害索赔 这一社会现象 的来由、发展和变化，及索赔案所涉及的消费者、公司和法庭三方面的反应， 没有掺杂 个人感情。 作者的态度是客观的， D 选项为正确答案。 对于态度题，考生要联系全文，把握整篇文章。 严格遵守文章内容，不把考生自己的态度揉进其中，还要注意区分作者的态度与被作者引用的他人的观点的态度。 一般情况下，作者的态度和观点都应具有客观性，不带有主观感情，所以若选择具有主管感情色彩的词汇要慎重；另外，作者一旦将某种观点表达成立，说明他对该事件是成分关注的，因此，诸如 difference 这类词汇不入选。 三、文章难句精析 1. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. [分析 ] 并列句。 这两个句子都是 “ 祈使句 +and”句型， 祈使句 表示条件， and 引出结果，意思是“ 则 ，那么，就”。 可以转化为 if 引导的条件状语从句。 [译文 ] 迈出门去，有可能在门垫上滑倒，摔断一条腿。 生个炉子，有可能把房子烧 掉。 2. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ mi。