30篇给考公外英语的英语专业者经济类文章选自economist3(编辑修改稿)

30篇给考公外英语的英语专业者经济类文章选自economist3(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

是一个复杂句，表语 veteran后面有一个过去分词短语 brought out of retirement作后置定语，这个定语还带有自己的两个状语 ，一个是不定式短语做目的状语，另外一个是after 引导的时间状语从句，这个从句中还有一个 because of 引导的原因状语。 bring sb. out of retirement 的意思是“将某人从退休状态召回”。 句子译文：坎塔卢波在麦当劳工作过多年，在公司因为餐厅环境不卫生，服务态度差，以及人们对“垃圾食品”的不断质疑导致业绩下降之后， 2020 年他被从退休中召回，帮助公司进行改革。 2. Even so, everyone at McDonald39。 s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency. 主体句式： everyone must be hoping that… 结构分析：这个句子中包含一个由 that 引导的宾语从句和由 before 引导的状语从句。 这个句子的难点在 before 这个词的理解上。 通常 before可以译为“才”。 例如： It had been two days before I realized the problem. （过了两天我才意识到这个问题。 ） 句子译 文：即便如此，相信麦当劳上下一定还是希望不要在近期内又面临这类紧急情况。 题目分析 1. 答案为 C， 属事实细节题。 文章第一段提及 Charlie Bell辞职的原因是他患了直肠癌；接着又在第二段说他升任总裁是因为他的前任在准备讲演时因为心脏病突发而去世。 这样，麦当劳在一年内就不得不寻找第三位总裁。 可见麦当劳高层频繁更换人员的原因是这些总裁的健康问题。 2. 答案为 A， 属事实细节题。 可参见文章第二段第四行 because of… 后面的部分。 3. 答案为 D，属猜词题。 根据上下文， Charlie Bell被 Jim Cantalupo 提拔为首席运营官之后，被广泛视为是他的 heir apparent，接着作者在第四段发问，现任的首席运营官会不会是现任总裁的 heir apparent 呢。 显然，这个词组的意思应该是“接替某人职位”的人。 4. 答案为 B， 属推理判断题。 根据文章，三位总裁都是在麦当劳内部管理人才，而且下一位继任者也已经内定，这种内部选定继任者的办法帮助麦当劳在一连串不幸事件发生后能够 7 平稳交接。 可见麦当劳更愿意从内部任命新老板。 5. 答案为 D， 属推理判断题。 作者在第一段末评论麦当劳的行动时说道：“麦当劳又一次显示了其在任命新老板方面的快速决断能力。 ”在文末对麦当劳的内部接任方式进行总结时，作者引用某些学术研究的成果，认为这种方式的效果更好，并以“麦当劳在高层发生一连串的不幸事件后能够平静地交接似乎清楚地证明了这一点。 ”来加以说明。 可见作者对于麦当劳处理类似发生在高层的突发事件的反应是持赞扬态度的。 参考译文 查里 贝尔四月成为麦当劳的首席执行官。 不到一个月，医生就告诉他他患了直肠癌。 在 11 月 22 日的股市交易结束之后，这家快餐公司宣布他已经辞职；该公司将需要这一年内的第三位老板。 然而，当股市开张时，该公司的股价只 是略有下降，很快又再次上扬。 麦当劳又一次显示了其在任命新老板方面的快速决断能力。 贝尔先生本人是在吉姆 坎塔卢波（ Jim Cantalupo）死于心脏病突发之后得到这一高层职位的。 当时坎塔卢波正准备在几个小时之后的麦当劳特许经销商会议上致词。 坎塔卢波在麦当劳工作过多年，在公司因为餐厅环境不卫生，服务态度差，以及人们对“垃圾食品”的不断质疑导致业绩下降之后， 2020 年他被从退休中召回，帮助公司进行改革。 他制定了一项在大规模营销基础上的振兴计划，并且将贝尔先生提拔为首席运营官。 坎塔卢波先生去世后，董事会很快开 会确定任命贝尔先生，这位早就被公认为其继任者的 44 岁澳大利亚人担任这一首席职位。 这次会议从该公司的第一位非美国籍的领导人那里得到了其许诺的公司首席执行官的讲演。 然而，在短短几周之内，公司高层就不得不思考如果贝尔先生病重无法继续工作该怎么办的问题。 也许贝尔先生也在考虑同样的问题：他向来访者介绍 60 岁的副总裁吉姆 斯金纳时总是称他为“掌舵高手”。 现在公司海外经营专家斯金纳先生（见图）成了公司首席执行官，主管公司美国经营业务的麦克 罗伯茨则加入董事会成为首席运营官。 罗伯茨先生是不是新的继任者呢。 也许。 麦当 劳改变了主要依靠开新店发展企业的方法，而在全球推出了被认为更加健康的食品，比如沙拉和烤三明治，并且开始改进现有的31000 家连锁快餐店的经营。 美国在这方面做得最好；在罗伯茨先生的努力下，美国麦当劳十月的同类销售额比一年前增长了 7%。 新团队的任务就是保持其振兴计划不变，尤其是海外部分，据说在海外某些美国品牌面对着来自消费者的政治敌意。 这是一个巨大的挑战。 这种内部接任的方式是不是迎接这种挑战的最佳方式呢。 斯金纳先生和罗伯茨先生都是 1970 年代就加入公司的资深管理人员。 最近的一些学术研究发现，内定的新老板，比 如贝尔先生和现在（还未最终宣布）的罗伯茨先生，按计划接任会比草率任命一个新老板或者从外部聘请新老板效果更好。 麦当劳在高层发生一连串的不幸事件后能够平静地交接似乎清楚地证明了这一点。 即便如此，相信麦当劳上下一定还是希望不要在近期内又面临这类紧急情况。 Unit 3 8 The annual review of American pany board practices by Korn/Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator of the health of corporate governance. This year39。 s review, published on November 12th, shows that the SarbanesOxley act, passed in 2020 to try to prevent a repeat of corporate collapses such as Enron39。 s and WorldCom39。 s, has had an impact on the boardroomalbeit at an average implementation cost that Korn/Ferry estimates at $ per firm. Two years ago, only 41% of American firms said they regularly held meetings of directors without their chief executive present。 this year the figure was 93%. But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash against corporate scandals. For example, despite a growing feeling that former chief executives should not sit on their pany39。 s board, the percentage of American firms where they do has actually edged up, from 23% in 2020 to 25% in 2020. Also, disappointingly few firms have split the jobs of chairman and chief executive. Another survey of American boards published this week, by . Kearney, a firm of consultants, found that in 2020 14% of the boards of Samp。 P 500 firms had separated the roles, and a further 16% said they planned to do so. But by 2020 only 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investors supported the idea of splitting the jobs, which is standard practice in Europe. Another disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing staggered boardsones where only onethird of the directors are up for reelection each year, to threeyear terms. Invented as a defence against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are unambiguously associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value. Despite this, the percentage of Samp。 P 500 firms with staggered boards has fallen only slightlyfrom 63% in 2020 to 60% in 2020, according to the Investor Responsibility Research Centre. And many of those firms that have been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. Merck, a pharmaceutical pany in trouble over the possible sideeffects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full term before introducing a system in which they are all reelected (or otherwise) annually. Other panies39。 staggered boards are entrenched in their corporate charters, which cannot be amended by a shareholders39。 vote. Anyone who expected the scandals of 2020 to bring about rapid change in the balance of power between managers and owners was, at best, naive. 1. The SarbanesOxley act is most probably about_________. [A] corporate scandal [B] corporate management [C] corporate cost [D] corporate governance 2. The word “backlash” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means_________. 9 [A] a violent force [B] a strong impetus [C] a firm measure [D] a strong negative reaction 3. According to the text, separating the roles between chairman and chief executive is________. [A] a mon practice in American panies [B] what many European panies do [C] a must to keep the health of a pany [D] not a popular idea among American entrepreneurs 4. We learn from the text that a staggered board________. [A] is adverse to the increment of firm value [B] gives its board members too much p。