20年考研英语真题超纲词汇030(编辑修改稿)内容摘要:

peed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants(n.) slow it down. [1997 年阅读 ] [译文 ]兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,而镇静剂则相反:减缓它的活动。 depression n.沮丧,消沉,低气压,低压 Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (n.) controlled, cataracts removed in a 30minute surgical procedure. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]髋骨不行了可以更换,临床的忧郁症得到了控制,白内障仅用 30 分钟手术便可 以切除。 depletion The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion (n.) of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. [1998 年阅读 ] 6 [译文 ]环境研究的先驱者、斯坦福大学的保罗•埃利希反驳说,科学真正的敌人是那些对工业发展导致全球变暖、臭氧层逐渐损耗以及其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。 determinism n.决定论 Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism(n.). [2020 年翻译 ] [译文 ]虽然 Sapir 和 Whorf 都强调语言的差异性,但是, Sapir 本人从未明确支持语言决定论的观点。 detrimental a.有害的 All these are beneficial, not detrimental (a.), to consumers. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。 digit n.从 0 到 9 的任一数字 Both previous shocks resulted in doubledigit (n.) inflation and global economic decline. [2020年阅读 ] [译文 ]前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀率和全球性的经济衰退。 disparage vt.蔑视 With other audiences you mustn’ t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging (vt.) remarks about their canteen or their chairman. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]而对于其他听众,你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默,因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。 dispassionate a.冷静的,平心静气的 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate (a.) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. [2020 年翻译 ] [译文 ]社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 disproportionate a.不成比例的 By far the worst form of petition in schools is the disproportionate (a.) emphasis on examinations. [1995 年阅读 ] [译文 ]学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是不恰当地强调考试。 downshift v. ①(汽车等)调低速档;②(引申义)放慢生活节奏 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting (v. ② ) in the mid90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lifegrowing your own anic vegetables, and risking turning into oneas a personal recognition of your limitations. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文]对我们这一代女性来说,整个 80 年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活, 90 年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活 自己种有机蔬菜并试图与之合一 倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。 dosage 量,配,用量 Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages (n.) will eventually kill the patient. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文]近年来,医生们一直在借用这项原则,为自己替病危患者注射大剂量的吗 啡镇痛的做法提供正当的理由,尽管他们知道,不断增加的剂量最终会杀死病人。 domino n.骨牌,多米诺骨牌 In the US and Canada, where the righttodie movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (n.) to start falling. [1997 年阅读 ] [译文 ]在美国和加拿大,死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量。 观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生效应。 doormat n. (放于门前的 )擦鞋垫 Luckily, if the doormat (n.) or stove failed to warn of ing disaster, a successful lawsuit might 7 pensate you for your troubles. [1999 年阅读 ] [译文 ]但是假如门垫或炉灶上没有警示语告诉你可能发生的危害,那么你或许可以就自己所受的伤害通过法律诉讼,成功地获得赔偿。 dormant a.不活跃的,静止的,隐匿的 Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant (a.) oncogene, but how remains unknown. [1994 年阅读 ] [译文 ]从宇宙射线、辐射到日常饮食,任何东西都可能激活一个处于静止状态下的致癌基因,但如何激活尚不为人知。 downsize vt.以较小尺寸设计 (或制造 ),缩小 (汽车等 )的外部尺寸;缩小规模 While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing (vt.) in the late’ 80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]在美国,这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应一出现于 80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员 在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中,这种趋势仍被认为与节俭策略有关联,虽然如此,然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。 downscale v.缩减„的规模 So Spero is downscaling (v.), shopping at middlebrow Dillard39。 s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]因此斯派罗相应地缩减规模,在克利夫兰郊区的她家附近的中档迪拉德百货公司买东西,而不再去内曼•玛科斯。 downshifter n.过俭朴生活的人,放慢生活节奏的人 While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’ 80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters (n.) of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]在美国,这种趋势 一 开始是 对经济衰落所做出的一种反应 一 出现于 80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员 在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中,这种趋势仍被认为与节俭策略有关联 , 虽然如此 ,然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。 drummer n.鼓手 Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer(n.). [1994 年阅读 ] [译文 ]极富创造性的人的确是伴着不同的鼓手前进的。 dynamics n.①动力学;②动态 A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [2020 年完形 ] [译文 ] 名目繁多的俱乐部活动能提供多种机会来培养他们的领导才能,也有机会在集体中成长。 elitism n.杰出人物统治论 From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism (n.). [2020 年阅读 ] [译文 ]霍夫斯塔特说:自我们的历史之初,我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。 embryo n.胚胎,胎儿,胚芽; a.胚胎的,初期的 NBAC will leave the issue of embryo(a.) research undiscussed because______. embryo research is just a current development of cloning[1999 年阅读 ] [译文 ]NBAC 将不讨论胚胎研究问题,因为胚胎研究不过是克隆的新发展。 emulation n.竞争,效法 8 When all these shaping forcesschools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinkinginteracted with one another on the rich US mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation(n.). [1996 年阅读 ] [译文 ]当所有这些成因一学校、开放的态度、奖赏制度及空间。
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