中国农业产业政策及未来发展趋势(编辑修改稿)

中国农业产业政策及未来发展趋势(编辑修改稿)内容摘要：

的积极性  适应社会主义市场经济发展要求的农地流转制度还未建立起来，难以实行土地规模经营  农地金融制度未建立起来，农民缺乏抵押土地使用权以获得银行贷款的权利  农地征用过程中对农民利益的过度侵犯 未来中国农地政策的走向  土地私有化解决不了中国的农业发展问题  只要坚持建立市场经济制度的取向，建立在现有土地制度基础上的农地流转市场应该是未来的发展方向  耕地保护的政策会一直坚持 中国的农业技术政策  不是缺乏农业技术，而是缺乏高效的推广体系；不是缺乏先进的农业技术，而是缺乏合适的技术；不是缺乏合适的农业技术，而是缺乏技术发挥效率的机制和环境。  农业技术的研究和开发（ Ramp。 D）政策 农业技术研究上投入的发幅度增加 加强农业领域知识产权的保护 未来会在农业推广体系的完善上会投入更多资源  谢谢。 Chapter 13 Game Theory and Competitive Strategy Topics to be Discussed  Gaming and Strategic Decisions  Dominant Strategies  The Nash Equilibrium Revisited  Repeated Games Topics to be Discussed  Sequential Games  Threats, Commitments, and Credibility  Entry Deterrence  Bargaining Strategy  Auctions Gaming and Strategic Decisions  Game is any situation in which players (the participants) make strategic decisions Ex: firms peting with each other by setting prices, group of consumers bidding against each other in an auction  Strategic decisions result in payoffs to the players: outes that generate rewards or benefits Gaming and Strategic Decisions  Game theory tries to determine optimal strategy for each player  Strategy is a rule or plan of action for playing the game  Optimal strategy for a player is one that maximizes the expected payoff  We consider players who are rational – they think through their actions Gaming and Strategic Decisions  ―If I believe that my petitors are rational and act to maximize their own profits, how should I take their behavior into account when making my own profitmaximizing decisions?‖(Text, p. 474) Noncooperative vs. Cooperative Games  Cooperative Game Players negotiate binding contracts that allow them to plan joint strategies  Example: Buyer and seller negotiating the price of a good or service or a joint venture by two firms (., Microsoft and Apple)  Binding contracts are possible Noncooperative vs. Cooperative Games  Noncooperative Game Negotiation and enforcement of binding contracts between players is not possible  Example: Two peting firms, assuming the other’s behavior, independently determine pricing and advertising strategy to gain market share  Binding contracts are not possible Noncooperative vs. Cooperative Games  ―The strategy design is based on understanding your opponent’s point of view, and (assuming your opponent is rational) deducing how he or she is likely to respond to your actions.‖ (Text, p. 475) Gaming and Strategic Decisions  An Example: How to buy a dollar bill 1. Auction a dollar bill 2. Highest bidder receives the dollar in return for the amount bid 3. Second highest bidder must pay the amount he or she bid but。