1993年考研英语试题与分析(编辑修改稿)内容摘要:

[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak [D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 18. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that [A] he is born with the capacity to speak [B] he has a brain more plex than an animal’s [C] he can produce his own sentences [D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing 19. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? [A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man. [B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. [C] The child’ s brain is highly selective. [D] Most children learn their language in definite stages. 20. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will [A] have a high IQ [B] be less intelligent [C] be insensitive to verbal signals [D] not necessarily be backward 一、文章结构总体分析 本文是一篇介绍儿童学习语言关键期的文章。 文章指出,学习语言有关键期,过了这个时期学习的进程就会 变得 缓慢,此外,婴儿天生就具有说话的能力,但说话有赖于母亲与孩子的交流。 第一段: 提出 讨论的主要议题:没有语言,孩子的成长是否 会受到损害。 第二段: Frederick I 的实验说明语言缺乏是孩子受损的一个原因,缺少哺育是另一重要原因。 第三段:指出孩子学习语言有关键期,超过关键期,语言学习会有困难。 第四段:给出例子,说明说话晚不一定智商低。 第五段:指出儿童天生就具有说话的能力,他创造自己句子的能力尤其令人吃惊。 第六段:指出孩子说话必须经过引导,但这有赖于母亲与孩子的交流。 二、试题分析 16. The purpose of Frederick Ⅰ ’s experiment was__ Frederick Ⅰ 实验的目的是 ______。 [A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak [A] 证明 孩子 生来就具有说话的能力 [B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech [B] 发现孩子在没有 听见 人类语言的情况下会说哪种语言 [C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak [C] 研究细心护理在教孩子说话中起什么作用 [D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language [D] 证明在没 有 学 习 语言的情况下,孩子会受到伤害 [答案 ] B [解析 ] 本题考核的知识点是 : 事实 细节中的目的。 文章在第一段 论述了 Frederick I 的实验,并在该段最后一句话的前半句用分词形式引导的目的状语,直接 说明该 实验的目的: Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he…。 由此可见他要求保育员保持沉默,其目的就是为了发现婴儿在听不到母语的情况下会讲什么语言。 [B]选项是原文的合理改写,为正确答案。 [A]选项 与本段内容不符,况且文章第五段第一句 Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak 说明 [A]选项的内容是现代人的发现,并 非十三世纪的这个实验的目的。 [C]选项与实验毫不相干,尽管文中第二段提到此实验中孩子的死亡并不仅仅是因为缺乏语言,还因为缺少细心护理,但这不是 Frederick I 实验的目的,而是实验后人们的分析。 [D]选项只是实验的结果,是人们在实验后得到的结论,并不是 Frederick I 做这个实验的最初目的。 17. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__ 一些孩子在说话上迟钝的主要原因是 ____。 [A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly [A]他们不能迅速学会语言 [B] they are exposed to too much language at once [B]他们同时置身于太多的语言之中 [C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak [C]母亲对孩子要说话的欲望回应不足 [D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them [D]他们的妈妈智力不够,帮不了他们 [答案 ] C [解析 ] 本题考核的知识点是 :细节 中 的原因。 第三段第二句提到“一些 孩子在说话上迟钝 ”, 随后指出原因: Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant…。 [C]选项是原文的改写。 respond inadequately 与 Insensitive 相应, their attempts to speak 与 the signals of the infant 一致。 因此[C]选项为正确答案。 [A]选项与 第 三段第三句 whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly 含义相反。 [B]、 [D]这两 个 选项都是文中没有涉及的内容。 注意 at once 在这里为“同时”之意。 18. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that 儿童最不可思议的方面是 __________。 [A] he is born with the capacity to speak [A]他生来就具有说话的能力 [B] he has a brain more plex than an animal’s [B]与动物相比,他的大脑更复杂 [C] he can produce his own sentences [C]他能创造自己的句子 [D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing [D]他的说话能力归功于好的照顾 [答案 ] C [解析 ] 本题考核的知识点是 :细节归纳。 作者在第五段第一句和第二句都分别提到 [A]选项和 [B]选项。 这两个选项都是儿童的普通能力特征, [B]选项 更 是所有人,包括成人 的 共有特征,因此都应排除。 第五段是后一句话中的 even more incredible 表明后述内容比前述内容重要,即: the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language… , to analyze, to bine and rebine the parts of a language in new ways 为儿童最不可思议的方面。 而 [C]选项为原文的确切改写,为正确答案。 [D]选项与文章内容不符,文章第六段指出说话能力的引导有赖于母亲对孩子的交流,与“照顾”的概念不同。 此外作者也没说它是最难以置信的能力。 owe… to意思是“归功于,得感谢。 ” 19. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? 哪个选项 不能 从短文中推论出来。 [A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man. [A]人生来具有说话能力 [B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. [B]鼓励在孩子学语言的过程中根本不起什么作用 [C] The child’ s brain is highly selective. [C]儿童的大脑具有高度选择性 [D] Most children learn their language in definite stages. [D]绝大多数孩 子 在 确定的阶段学习语言 [答案 ] B [解析 ] 本题考核的知识点是 : 推理引申 的是非判断。 本题 可对选项直接进行排除。 [A]选项与第五段第一句话 … an infant is born with the capacity to speak 相一致。 faculty意为“能力”。 [B]选项与最后一段 提出的“ 母亲 应 对孩子的信号给予回应、进行鼓励 ” 不符。 因此 [B]为答案。 Anything but 意思是“根本不”。 [C]选项 中“儿童大脑的高度选择性”在 第五段第三句 the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him 得以说明。 第三段最后一句话以鸟为例说明儿童学习语言有关键期 , 此外,第四段首句 … speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age 也说明了这一点 , 与 [D]选项 一致。 20. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will 如果一个孩子 开始 说话比其他孩子晚,他将来会 _______。 [A] have a high IQ [A] 具有高智商 [B] be less intelligent [B] 智商低 [C] be insensitive to verbal signals [C] 对语言信号 不 敏感 [D] not necessarily be backward [D] 不一定低智商 [答案 ] D [解析 ] 本题考核的知识点是 : 推理引申。 文章第四段第一句话 举 出例子: speech started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ,这 说明说话晚 的 孩子后来 也可能 具有高智商,也就是说 , 说话晚并不一定低智商。 因此 [B]选项不正确,而 [D]选项正确。 但这并不能说明凡是说话晚的孩子将来智商都高。 因此 [A]选项也不正确。 文章并未涉及 [C]选项的 内容。 三、文章长难句解析 和佳句赏析 长难句 ① But clearly there was more than lack of language here. 注意句中 more than 的用法 , more than意为“超出„„的”。 注意 more… than 和 more than 的意思不同。 前者的意思是“与其 说 „„倒不如说”。 如: The child was more frightened than hurt. (这孩子的伤倒不算什么,只是受惊不小 )。 原句中 lack 意为“缺乏”。 另外,考生还应知道 for lack of 的含义:“因缺乏”。 如: For lack of evidence, the prisoner was released(由于证据不足,犯人获释 )。 译文:但是,显然这不仅仅是缺少语言的问题。 ② Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to。
阅读剩余 0%
本站所有文章资讯、展示的图片素材等内容均为注册用户上传(部分报媒/平媒内容转载自网络合作媒体),仅供学习参考。 用户通过本站上传、发布的任何内容的知识产权归属用户或原始著作权人所有。如有侵犯您的版权,请联系我们反馈本站将在三个工作日内改正。